programmed cell death-1 (pd-1) and its ligands, pd-l1 and pd-l2, have been regarded as important immune system regulatory molecules. the aberrant expression of the molecules has been related to several autoimmune disorders. this study is aimed to assess the mrna expression level of pd-1, pd-l1, and pd-l2 molecules in the peripheral blood mononuclear mells (pbmcs) from multiple sclerosis (ms) pa...

objective: breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in women. cisplatin is a traditional cancer drug commonly used in chemotherapy for killing cancer cells. modulation at the mrna levels of apoptotic related genes often correlate with the sensitivity of various types of cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents. nanoparticulate drug delivery systems are being developed to effecti...

objective: the anti-cancer properties of curcumin, a poliphenol extract from the rhizome of curry, has been confirmed by many investigators. however, low levels of uptake, tissue distribution and rapid metabolism has limited its application as an anti-cancer drug. this study is aimed at increasing curcumin's water solubility due to a biodegradable, neutral and non-toxic micellar nano-carrier ca...

programmed cell death is a highly regulated form of cell death, mostly distinguished by the activation of a family of cystein-aspartate proteases (caspases) that cleave various proteins resulting in morphological and biochemical changes characteristic of this form of cell death. several recent studies have addressed the role of programmed cell death in inflammatory and chronic pain states. casp...

Programmed cell death is a highly regulated form of cell death, mostly distinguished by the activation of a family of cystein-aspartate proteases (caspases) that cleave various proteins resulting in morphological and biochemical changes characteristic of this form of cell death. Several recent studies have addressed the role of programmed cell death in inflammatory and chronic pain states. Casp...

Programmed cell death is a highly regulated form of cell death, mostly distinguished by the activation of a family of cystein-aspartate proteases (caspases) that cleave various proteins resulting in morphological and biochemical changes characteristic of this form of cell death. Several recent studies have addressed the role of programmed cell death in inflammatory and chronic pain states. Casp...

programmed cell death, which can be classified into apoptosis, autophagy, and oncosis, based on the cellular signalling pathways involved in the process, plays a critical role in cellular house-keeping. aberrant cell death regulation leads to body malformations, as well as to numerous diseases. here, we describe the effects of cytototoxins isolated from marine organisms on the various programme...

wheat is one of the most important crops in the world that is constantly faced with the different biotic and abiotic stresses. programmed cell death is one of the methods for coping with different stress which is stimulated by several factors. because salicylic acid is involved in resistance to various stresses, to explore the effects of salicylic acid on programmed cell death, the effects of s...

apoptosis or programmed cell death is a gene regulated phenomenon which is important in both physiological and pathological conditions. it is characterized by distinct morphological features including chromatin condensation, cell and nuclear shrinkage, membrane blebbing and oligonucleosomal dna fragmentation. although, two major apoptotic pathways including 1) the death receptor (extrinsic) and...