the performance of the swat2012 model for estimation of hydrological budget in gharasou watershed, west of iran, during 1995 to 2005 was assessed. digital elevation model, hydro-climatological data, soil and land use maps with their properties relevant to the watershed were considered to fulfill the model. a branch program in swat-cup software (sufi2) program implemented to simulate and validat...

introduction: the purpose of this study was to examine the possibility of implementing operating budgeting in shiraz municipality. method: the population of this study was consisted of four groups of individuals who were aware of the various phases of budgeting in shiraz municipality including: (1) senior managers and administrative and financial assistants, (2) financial managers along with ac...

by studying the evolution history of budgeting systems, you may discern three stages: in the first stage, controlling role of budget is regarded its major function. in the second stage, budget is considered as a means for management improvement. in the third stage, the role of budget is considered in economic planning, implementation of programs and government performance management. after worl...

This issue brief reviews the status of state budget shortfalls and their growing impact on the Medicaid program. It describes the magnitude of the shortfalls, the forces behind them, and how states have responded with spending cuts and tax increases. It also discusses how long the budget crisis is expected to continue and what budget balancing options remain for fiscal year 2003.