the current economic crisis that plagued the west since 2008 and followed by the occupy wall street movement in 2011, were the results of the processes started since the last years of the cold war and has turned the western capitalist system into an unstrained ideology. the neoliberal economic model, globalization of economy, limitation of the power of the national governments, the emergence of...

The information technology revolution has had dramatic effects on jobs and the labor market. Many routine and manual tasks have been automated, replacing workers. By contrast, new technologies complement non-routine, cognitive, and social tasks, making work in such tasks more productive. These effects have polarized labor markets: While low-skill jobs have stagnated, there are fewer and lower p...

Today, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) play a key role in both developing and developed economies. However, the uncertainty of macroeconomic indicators, such as economic growth, may affect financing and investment of the SMEs in an economy. The present study explores the effect of the economic growth rate uncertainty on financing SMEs in Iran. To this end, the study has applied the Br...

Fundamentally, poverty reduction is about bringing growth processes to poor areas. Because poor areas can benefit from technical and organizational innovations made elsewhere in the world, it is possible today to create productive jobs faster and in greater quantity than ever before. The puzzle is what helps spread such “best practices.” Saving, investment, education, resources, and new technol...

This paper examines differences in the jobs that men and women apply to, in order to better understand gender segregation in managerial jobs. We develop and test an integrative theory of why women might apply to different jobs than men. We note that constraints based on gender role socialization may affect three determinants of job applications: how individuals evaluate the rewards provided by ...

The spread of COVID-19, containment measures, and general uncertainty led to a sharp reduction in activity the first half 2020. Europe was hit particularly hard—the economic contraction 2020 is estimated have been among largest world—with potentially severe repercussions on its nonfinancial corporations. A wave corporate bankruptcies would generate mass unemployment, loss productive capacity fi...