The wars in Iraq and Afghanistan have produced historically low rates of fatalities, injuries, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among U.S. combatants. Yet they have also produced historically unprecedented rates of PTSD disability compensation seeking from the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. The purpose of this article is to consider hypotheses that might potentially resolve this p...

Abstract During the AD 68/9 Civil Wars, Galba, Otho, Vitellius and then Vespasian fought for — gained control of Roman Empire. Our textual sources suggest that this was a period serious sustained disruption. However, existing analyses gold coinages produced in show only minor reduction purity coinage. Using X-ray fluorescence, we identify number heavily debased coins issued during many slightly...

This article aims to discuss the figuration of wars, taking into account fictional texts produced in context migratory flows. The first part is dedicated a theoretical discussion. Its purpose problematize nexus between wars and identitynarratives, based on three assumptions: (1) need narrative mobilization erupt, (2) members group mobilize this for representation self (3) substantially modify f...

This paper presents the completed series of life tables from 1751 to 1995 that was used in identifying the four stages of mortality transition in Finland, separated by the years 1880, 1945, and 1970. The series documents all the different stages of mortality transition from high to low levels in an originally agricultural country experiencing many wars, famines, and other crises, as well as ma...

The present paper reports the preliminary results of the application of an evolutionary algorithm developed to adjust artificial intelligence scripts in a real time strategy game. The evolutionary algorithm (EA) is embedded in the game engine of the Bos Wars, which is a real time strategy game coded in C++ and LUA language. The proposed algorithm is an adaptation of a similar approach introduce...

I propose an evolutionary psychological perspective on wars and suggest that the ultimate cause of intergroup conflict may be the relative availability of reproductive women. Polygyny, which allows some men to monopolize all reproductive opportunities and exclude others, may increase the prevalence of civil wars, but not interstate wars, which did not exist in the ancestral environment. The ana...