In the present study, we aimed at characterizing the effect of prochloraz, an imidazole fungicide, on the oocyte meiotic maturation process in a freshwater teleost species, the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Full-grown post-vitellogenic ovarian follicles were incubated in vitro with prochloraz, Luteinizing Hormone (LH), or a combination of prochloraz and LH. The occurrence of oocyte matur...

The commonly used imidazole fungicide prochloraz was tested for antiandrogenic effects in vitro and in vivo. Prochloraz, but not the metabolites 2,4,6-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid or 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, inhibited the R1881-induced response in an androgen receptor reporter gene assay. In the Hershberger assay, prochloraz exposure at all dose levels (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) given orally to cast...

The sensitivity of 73 isolates of Mycosphaerella graminicola collected over the period 1993–2002 from wheat fields in South England was tested in vitro against the triazole fluquinconazole, the strobilurin azoxystrobin and to the imidazole prochloraz. Over the sampling period, sensitivity of the population to fluquinconazole and prochloraz decreased by factors of approximately 10 and 2, respect...

The residue dynamics and risk assessment of prochloraz and its metabolite 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP) in apple under different treatment concentrations were investigated using a GC-ECD method. The derivatization percent of prochloraz to 2,4,6-TCP was stable and complete. The recoveries of prochloraz and 2,4,6-TCP were 82.9%-114.4%, and the coefficients of variation (CV) were 0.7%-8.6% for...

Several environmental xenobiotics have been found to affect the metamorphosis of amphibians. In this study we exposed tadpoles of the Common frog Rana temporaria from hatching to metamorphosis to two known endocrine disruptors, the estrogenic pharmaceutical 17 -ethinylestradiol and the antiandrogenic/antiestrogenic fungicide prochloraz to determine their effect on 1) days to metamorphosis and s...

Many chemicals that adversely affect reproduction and/or development do so through multiple pathways within the reproductive tract and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Notable in this regard are fungicides, such as prochloraz or fenarimol, which in mammals have the potential to impact endocrine function through inhibition of CYP enzymes involved in steroid metabolism, as well as through ant...

In this study, we benefit from the combination of liquid chromatography (LC)/time-of-flight (TOF) MS accurate mass measurements to generate elemental compositions of ions and LC/ion trap multiple MS (MSn) providing complementary structural information, which is useful for the elucidation of unknown organic compounds at trace levels in complex food extracts. We have applied this approach to inve...

laboratory degradation studies were performed in water at ph 4.0, 7.0 and 9.2 using prochloraz (450 ec) formulation at the rates of 1.0 (t1) and 2.0 (t2) î¼g/ml. water samples collected on 0 (2h),3,7,15,30,45,60 and 90 days after treatments were processed for residue analysis of prochloraz by hplc-uv detector. in 60 days, dissipation was 89.12-90.53 % at ph 4.0, 84.10-88.17 % at ph 7.0, and 92....

Fungicides to control mycopathogens of commercial Agaricus bisporus, a mushroom cultivated for human consumption, are a major field of study, since these chemicals are toxic to both the host and its fungal parasites. The fungicide Prochloraz-Mn, used at its LD50 for A. bisporus, partially inhibited protein biosynthesis in the vegetative mycelial cell walls of this mushroom and caused significan...

Neopterin and biopterin are often used as markers of cell mediated immunity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of prochloraz on neopterin and biopterin concentrations in blood plasma of common carp as possible indicators for monitoring perturbations of the immune system caused by xenobiotics like pesticides. Prochloraz is a widely used imidazole fungicide in horticulture and agri...