A review regarding the relationships between probiotics and the health is presented. After a brief historical introduction, the main mechanisms and beneficial effects of probiotics, the immune system, probiotics like microorganisms and beneficial effects of probiotics on health are presented. Clinical studies with probiotics are discussed in detail. Many experimental studies have found that pro...

Probiotics, which have been widely used in livestock rearing, have recently been applied to aquaculture. Probiotics are defined as live cells or a substrate that provides benefits through stimulation of growth, improved digestion, and improved immune response. Probiotics can also improve water quality. This review summarizes the current understanding of the use of probiotics in aquaculture, inc...

Probiotics discussed in this paper are evaluated using the WHO/FAO definition from 2001. The authors present a brief description of the normal microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract, discuss probiotics in the aspects of gut immunity and then move to selection of bacterial strains as probiotics. The main issue raised is the critical evaluation of probiotics in randomized clinical trials for co...

Probiotics are live bacteria that confer health benefits to the host physiology. Although protective role of probiotics have been reported in diverse diseases, no information is available whether probiotics can modulate neuromuscular immune disorders. We have recently demonstrated that IRT5 probiotics, a mixture of 5 probiotics, could suppress diverse experimental disorders in mice model. In th...

Probiotics are viable by definition, and viability of probiotics is often considered to be a prerequisite for the health benefits. Indeed, the overwhelming majority of clinical studies in the field have been performed with viable probiotics. However, it has also been speculated that some of the mechanisms behind the probiotic health effects may not be dependent on the viability of the cells and...

Joint FAO/WHO expert's consultation report defines probiotics as: Live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host. Most commonly used probiotics are Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and bifidobacteria. There are other examples of species used as probiotics (certain yeasts and bacilli). Probiotic supplements are popular now a days. From the beginning...

BACKGROUND Probiotics are currently under focus for their immune improvement function. Many studies have been performed to assess the potential efficacy of probiotics in allergic disease, viral disease, respiratory disease, as well as gastrointestinal disease. This study performed a systematic review to determine the effects of probiotics on the prevention of the common cold. METHODS We searc...

-The modification of the gut microbiota with new feed additives such as probiotics, prebiotics toward host protection is to support animal health. Out of these probiotics, prebiotics are widely used. Genomic knowledge about gut microbiota as well as its deviations will advance the selection of new and specific probiotics. The suitable combination probiotics, prebiotics decrease the risk of inte...

BACKGROUND & AIMS We tested whether the attenuation of experimental colitis by live probiotic bacteria is due to their immunostimulatory DNA, whether toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling is required, and whether nonviable probiotics are effective. METHODS Methylated and unmethylated genomic DNA isolated from probiotics (VSL-3), DNAse-treated probiotics and Escherichia coli (DH5 alpha) genomic D...

Clostridium difficile is one of the most important and widespread causes of acute gastroenteritis. Due to the limitations of current therapeutic options there is a need for the development for new treatment methods. Probiotics are an alternative treatment option that have gained prominence in the last few years, and the ability of various probiotics to mitigate C. difficile infection was tested...