postoperative pain is one of the complex problems in medicine and for relieve of this pain there are numerous methods that two of them are scheduled and prn. for comparison of these two methods we proposed a prospective, double blind study in two groups of patients with abdominal operations. each group included 110 patients and our study was based on mc gill questionnaire, with which pain sensa...

Abstract Aim Pain is a common presenting complaint of acute surgical inpatients and has great impact on their subjective wellbeing the perception care they receive if not addressed promptly efficiently. It also cause patients’ complaints properly addressed. We set out to evaluate analgesia prescribed locally in accordance with WHO ladder NICE CKS guidelines for mild-to-moderate pain. Method per...

Abstract Aim Pain is a common presenting complaint of acute surgical inpatients and has great impact on their subjective wellbeing the perception care they receive if not addressed promptly efficiently. It also cause patients’ complaints properly addressed. We set out to evaluate analgesia prescribed locally in accordance with WHO ladder NICE CKS guidelines for mild-to-moderate pain. Method per...

BACKGROUND This prospective, randomized study tested the hypothesis that a reduced dose continuous interscalene regimen incorporating a low background infusion with mandatory boluses would provide similar shoulder surgery analgesia compared with a dose regimen incorporating a conventional higher background infusion. METHODS After rotator cuff surgery, patients received via an interscalene cat...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the adequacy of as-needed (prn) dosing of narcotics during the acute postoperative period following laryngectomy and to evaluate the role of nurses' interpretation and implementation of narcotic orders in postoperative pain management. STUDY DESIGN A retrospective review of the medical records of 37 patients who underwent laryngectomy at the University of Oklahoma. The ...

The adhesin pertactin (Prn) is one of the major virulence factors of Bordetella pertussis, the etiological agent of whooping cough. However, a significant prevalence of Prn-deficient (Prn(-)) B. pertussis was observed in Japan. The Prn(-) isolate was first discovered in 1997, and 33 (27%) Prn(-) isolates were identified among 121 B. pertussis isolates collected from 1990 to 2009. Sequence analy...

BACKGROUND Subcutaneous methylnaltrexone is efficacious and well tolerated for opioid-induced constipation (OIC) but may theoretically disrupt opioid-mediated analgesia. METHODS Opioid use, pain intensity, and opioid withdrawal (Objective Opioid Withdrawal Scale [OOWS] and Subjective Opiate Withdrawal Scale [SOWS] scores) were reported in a randomized, double-blind trial with an open-label ex...

Scrapie is a transmissible neurodegenerative disease caused by unusual pathogens called prions. The interval between inoculation and illness for experimental mouse scrapie is dramatically influenced by an incubation time gene (Prn-i) that is linked to Prn-p, the structural gene for prion protein (PrP). Although prion proteins from mouse strains with short and long scrapie incubation times diffe...

Pathogen adaptation has been proposed to contribute to the resurgence of pertussis. A striking recent example is the emergence of isolates deficient in the vaccine component pertactin (Prn). This study explores the emergence of such Prn-deficient isolates in six European countries. During 2007 to 2009, 0/83 isolates from the Netherlands, 0/18 from the United Kingdom, 0/17 Finland, 0/23 Denmark,...

Opioids continue to be the mainstay of postoperative pain control after surgery. "As required" (PRN) scheduling of intramuscular (or intravenous) opioid administration by health care attendants has been shown to be inadequate for postoperative analgesia. The shortcomings of traditional methods of opioid administration for postoperative analgesia have been reviewed by Oden. 1 Recent major improv...