Owners of stochastic assets can pool their endowments to smoothen and insure individual payoffs across outcomes and time. We explore, in such a setting, how contingent shadow prices on aggregate resources can be used for three purposes: First, to design mutual contracts for risk averse agents; second, to quantify the malfunctioning of such contracts when there are risk lovers (or scale economie...

Under proportional transaction costs, a price process is said to have a consistent price system, if there is a semimartingale with an equivalent martingale measure that evolves within the bid-ask spread. We show that a continuous, multi-asset price process has a consistent price system, under arbitrarily small proportional transaction costs, if it satisfies a natural multi-dimensional generaliz...

Stock price crash risk has a significant impact on investors, creditors, managers, and shareholders, so the prediction of this phenomenon is a very important issue in investment and risk management decisions. This research investigates the effect of business strategy and stock price synchronicity on stock price crash risk. Following Bentley et al.[2], composite strategy score has been used to ...

abstract marketing element’s contrastive behaviors toward price risk had considerable effect on marketing margin in a way that transferring increase in price to final consumer, reduces purchasing power and so consumption amounts of consumers. present study evaluated effective parameters on marketing margin in 2 level of ranch-processing and processing- retail of beef and lamb with consideration...

An optimal control model of wildlife management is developed to analyze the transitory dynamics set forth by the reintroduction of animals that provide benefits but can also come into conflict with humans. The shadow price of these resources can be positive or negative, potentially creating a nonconvexity. The conditions under which reintroduction is not desirable are determined, and those char...

This paper develops an affine term structure for the valuation of money market funds. This valuation framework is then used to consider the economic implications of funds that are supported by a capital buffer. The main findings are twofold. First, relatively small capital buffers are capable of absorbing daily fluctuations between a fund’s shadow price and its amortized cost. For example, a fu...

We examine an economy whose consumers have different discount factors for utility, possibly not exponential. We characterize the properties of efficient allocations of resources and of the shadow prices that would decentralize such allocations. We show in particular that the representative agent has a decreasing discount rate when, as is usually posited, all of a group’s members have a constant...

Exchange of risks is considered here as a transferable-utility cooperative game. When the concerned agents are risk averse, there is a core imputation given by means of shadow prices on state-dependent claims. Like in finance, a risk can hardly be evaluated merely by its inherent statistical properties (in isolation from other risks). Rather, evaluation depends on the pooled risk and the convol...