This study investigated the effects of preozonation on disinfection by-products (DBPs) formation during chlorination and chloramination of the water collected from Tai Lake. Results showed that the high ozone dose (0.6-1.0 mg O₃/mg DOC) pretreatment reduced the yields of trihaloacetic acids (reduced 62-63% in chlorination), dihaloacetonitriles (reduced 53-55% and 14-26% in chlorination and chlo...

The impact of preozonation and filter contact time (depth) on microbial communities was examined in drinking water biofilters treating Ohio River water which had undergone conventional treatment (coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation) or solutions of natural organic matter isolated from groundwater (both ozonated and nonozonated). With respect to filter depth, compared to filters treating no...

in this study, nf membrane was used for surface water treatment. the rejection of organic material, measured as total organic carbon (toc), by nanofiltration was examined. the effects of application of pre-ozonation and pre-chlorination on toc removal are discussed and their performances are compared with the performances of nanofiltraion system without pretreatment process. in nf, natural orga...

Ultrafiltration (UF) is a low-pressure membrane filtration process primarily used to remove turbidity and suspended solids during the production of safe drinking water. As reported by Furukawa (2008), research, coupled with advancements in membrane technology and increasingly stringent regulations, has led to further adoption of low-pressure membranes for treatment of surface water. In many cas...

The latest NPDES permit adopted for the Sacramento Regional Wastewater Treatment Plant included a requirement for tertiary treatment, equivalent to the water quality requirements of Title 22, unrestricted use recycled water. Initial cost projections for the required plant upgrades exceeded $2 billion to upgrade the 691 ML/day (181 mgd) facility. To help in the selection process for tertiary tre...