acetylcholinesterase (ache) is a large glycoprotein that, aside from its known cholinolytic activity, co-exists with other transmitter systems and possesses other functions. in the present study, the effects of short-term rapid-eye-movement sleep deprivation (rem-sd) on ache activity in the anterior hypothalamic area have been investigated. using the flower-pot method, adult male albino rats we...

Introduction: The role of estrogen in the stimulation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons is clear. These neurons do not express estrogen alpha receptors, so other mediator neurons should be present to transmit the positive feedback effect of estrogen to the GnRH neurons. Kisspeptin neurons have an important role in the stimulation of GnRH neurons, so they can be the mediator of...

The muscarinic receptor antagonist scopolamine was microinjected into either the preoptic area or the lateral ventricle, preceding sexual behavior tests. In Experiment 1 unilateral ventricular injections of scopolamine delayed the initiation of copulation, while unilateral preoptic injections had no effect. In Experiment 2 bilateral injections into the preoptic area produced dose-related decrea...

introduction: gonadotropin inhibitory hormone (gnih) has been known as a key inhibitor of the secretion of gonadotropin releasing hormone (gnrh). ewe has estrous cycles comprising of follicular and luteal phases. follicular phase is in turn divided into proestrous and estrous phases. blood level of lh increases in follicular and decreases in luteal phases. the aim of the present study was to ev...

in wistar rats, reproductive behavior is controlled in a neural circuit of ventral forebrain including the medial amygdala (me), bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (bnst) and medial preoptic area (mpoa) via perception of social odors. diabetes mellitus (dm) is a widespread metabolic disease that affects many organs in a variety of levels. dm can cause central neuropathies such as neuronal apop...

The amygdaloid neurons of origin and the trajectory of amygdaloid fibers to the medial preoptic area of the adult male Syrian hamster were identified by using horseradish peroxidase (HRP) histochemistry. After iontophoresis of HRP into the medial preoptic area, retrogradely labeled amygdaloid neurons were located in the dorsal and caudal parts of the medial amygdaloid nucleus and throughout the...

Previous studies suggest that sympathetic responses evoked from the preoptic area in anesthetized rats require activation of neurons in the dorsomedial hypothalamus. Disinhibition of neurons in the dorsomedial hypothalamus in conscious rats produces physiological and behavioral changes resembling those evoked by microinjection of muscimol, a GABA(A) receptor agonist and neuronal inhibitor, into...

One of the well-defined sexually dimorphic structures in the brain is the sexually dimorphic nucleus, a cluster of cells located in the preoptic area of the hypothalamus. The rodent sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area can be delineated histologically using conventional Nissl staining or immunohistochemically using calbindin D28K immunoreactivity. There is increasing use of the bindi...

Cholinergic agonists were microinjected into either the lateral ventricle or the preoptic area of sexually experienced male rats. In Experiment 1 carbachol, injected into the lateral ventricles, delayed the initiation of sexual behavior. When injected into the preoptic area, carbachol again delayed the onset of copulation, but these delays were shorter than after ventricular injections. In addi...

The medial preoptic area has been shown to be intricately involved in many behaviors, including locomotion, sexual behavior, maternal care, and aggression. The gene encoding estrogen receptor-α (ERα) protein is expressed in preoptic area neurons, and a very dense immunoreactive field of ERα is found in the preoptic region. ERα knockout animals show deficits in maternal care and sexual behavior ...