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We investigated how repeating metrical templates, i.e., stress priming, and the contextual predictability of stress affect behavior in a word naming task. We measured naming latencies and the phonetic duration of words produced under four different conditions (congruent stress, low predictability; congruent stress, high predictability; incongruent stress, low predictability; incongruent stress,...

This study explored the interaction between semantic predictability and regional dialect variation in an analysis of speech produced by college-aged female talkers from the Northern, Midland, and Southern dialects of American English. Previous research on the effects of semantic predictability has shown that vowels in high semantic predictability contexts are temporally and spectrally reduced c...

Understanding the predictability of a streamflow process is important for making decision for flood control and water management. However not much attention has been paid to the predictability study of streamflow processes so far. Predictability may be broken down into two categories: (1) model predictability and (2) potential predictability. The widely used model performance measure, coefficie...

Predictability is a measure of prediction error relative to observed variability and so depends on both the physical and prediction systems. Here predictability is investigated for climate phenomena described by linear stochastic dynamics and prediction systems with perfect initial conditions and perfect linear prediction dynamics. Predictability is quantified using the predictive information m...

Soil moisture predictability and the associated predictability of continental climate are explored as an initialvalue problem, using a coupled land–atmosphere model with prescribed ocean surface temperatures. Ensemble simulations are designed to assess the extent to which initial soil moisture fields explain variance of future predictands (soil moisture, near-surface air temperature, and precip...

Sentence comprehension depends on continuous prediction of upcoming words. However, when and how contextual information affects the bottom-up streams of visual word recognition is unknown. This study examined the effects of word frequency and contextual predictability (cloze probability of a target word embedded in the sentence) on N1, P200, and N400 components, which are related to various cog...