Studies in non-human primates and humans reveal that discrete regions (henceforth, "divisions") in the basal ganglia are intricately interconnected with regions in the cerebral cortex. However, divisions within basal ganglia nuclei (e.g., within the caudate) are difficult to identify using structural MRI. Resting-state functional connectivity MRI (rs-fcMRI) can be used to identify putative cere...

Development of a multicellular organism from a fertilized egg depends on a precise balance between symmetric cell divisions to expand the pool of similar cells, and asymmetric cell divisions to create cell-type diversity. Spindle orientation can influence the generation of symmetric or asymmetric cell fates depending on how it is coupled to cell-intrinsic polarity cues, or how it is positioned ...

Sexually reproducing organisms rely on the precise reduction of chromosome number during a specialized cell division called meiosis. Whereas mitosis produces diploid daughter cells from diploid cells, meiosis generates haploid gametes from diploid precursors. The molecular mechanisms controlling chromosome transmission during both divisions have started to be delineated. This review focuses on ...

It is widely accepted that the amygdala plays a crucial role in the processing of emotions. The precise nature of its involvement is however unclear. We hypothesized that ambivalent findings from neuroimaging studies that report amygdala's activity in emotions, are due to distinct functional specificity of amygdala's sub-divisions and specifically to differential reactivity to arousal and valen...

The polarization of cells during development is discussed with relationship to synchronized cell divisions and lineage restrictions. A tessellation model is proposed to explain the generation of the precise hexagonal array of ommatidia in the eye. This model allows the assembly of highly organized structures from localized cellular interactions. There is no requirement for a precise genetic des...

A current mirror topology is proposed that provides very high precision, design insensitive up and down mirrored current, operation over a wide power supply range, straightforward design, and the possibility of conveniently obtaining a wide range of current divisions. This topology is appropriate for those applications in which precise current handling is necessary such as high accuracy A/D and...