in this study, nf membrane was used for surface water treatment. the rejection of organic material, measured as total organic carbon (toc), by nanofiltration was examined. the effects of application of pre-ozonation and pre-chlorination on toc removal are discussed and their performances are compared with the performances of nanofiltraion system without pretreatment process. in nf, natural orga...

Prechlorination is used as an initial step in water purification for public supply. One of the drawbacks of the prechlorination is the reaction between natural organic matters with chlorine forming trihalmethanes. This study aims at evaluating the performance of granular activated carbon (GAC) with sand as a dual filtering media with different depths on removal of trihalomethanes (THMs) for imp...

The formation of regulated and emerging halogenated carbonaceous (C-) and nitrogenous disinfection by-products (N-DBPs) from the chlor(am)ination and UV irradiation of tyrosine (Tyr) was investigated. Increased chlorine contact time and/or Cl(2)/Tyr ratio increased the formation of most C-DBPs, with the exception of 4-chlorophenol, dichloroacetonitrile, and dichloroacetamideChloroform and dichl...