background: the axillary and supraclavicular nodal volume treatment results in improvement of local control and survival after breast conserving surgery (bcs) or modified radical mastectomy (mrm). studies on the depth of these nodes have questioned the consistent use of standard fields for all patients. this study was done to assess the dose delivery to these lymph nodes with conventional treat...

craniospinal irradiation plus posterior fossa boost (cs1) is the standard modality of post-operative treatment of patient with medulloblastoma, but considering the technical difficulties and limited facilities, often whole- brain irradiation plus posterior fossa boost (wbi) had been used in our institution until 1991. tust a retrospective study was undertaken to compare the patients treated by ...

PURPOSE To examine the impact of radiation (ie, craniospinal irradiation [CSR] dose and boost volume) and complications (ie, hydrocephalus and other neurologic complications, including mutism) on patterns of change in intellectual functioning in medulloblastoma survivors. PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted a retrospective review of 113 patients treated for medulloblastoma between 1983 and 2011...

Radiation therapy for medulloblastoma consists of postoperative irradiation of the intracranial and spinal subarachnoid volume with an additional boost to the primary site of disease in the posterior fossa. The entire posterior fossa is usually included in the boost volume. Conformal radiation therapy techniques may be used to boost the primary site alone and substantially reduce the dose recei...

PURPOSE To compare treatment plans from standard photon therapy to intensity modulated X-rays (IMRT) and protons for craniospinal axis irradiation and posterior fossa boost in a patient with medulloblastoma. METHODS Proton planning was accomplished using an in-house 3D planning system. IMRT plans were developed using the KonRad treatment planning system with 6-MV photons. RESULTS Substantia...

Background Brainstem hypoperfusion may evoke systemic hypertension as a mechanism to boost cerebral blood flow: the selfish brain hypothesis. This notion is supported by evidence of vertebral artery hypoplasia (VAH) in hypertensive rat models. We determined the prevalence of anatomical variations of posterior cerebral circulation which could predispose to brainstem hypoperfusion in a hypertensi...

Background: The axillary and supraclavicular nodal volume treatment results in improvement of local control and survival after breast conserving surgery (BCS) or modified radical mastectomy (MRM). Studies on the depth of these nodes have questioned the consistent use of standard fields for all patients. This study was done to assess the dose delivery to these lymph nodes with conventional treat...

This paper proposes using n-gram posterior probabilities, which are estimated over translation hypotheses from multiple machine translation (MT) systems, to improve the performance of the system combination. Two ways using n-gram posteriors in confusion network decoding are presented. The first way is based on n-gram posterior language model per source sentence, and the second, called n-gram se...

this paper presents the new topology of three phase on line uninterruptible power supply (ups) by employing t-source inverter (tsi) with maximum constant boost pulse width modulation (pwm) control and the results are compared with the conventional uninterruptible power supply (ups). the conventional ups consists of voltage source inverter (vsi) with step up transformer or dc-dc booster which de...