purpose: the aim of this study was to compare the effects of a) a flame heated endo plugger, b) gatesglidden drills and c) gpx drills on the apical seal for the purpose of post space preparation. materials & methods: the crowns of sixty six extracted maxillary central teeth were removed from cej by a diamond disc and the root canals were prepared and obturated with guttapercha and sealer (ah26)...

introduction: the aim of this study was to compare the effect of post space preparation with gates glidden drills or hand files on the sealing ability of gutta-percha or resilon obturation materials. materials and methods: one-hundred and four single-rooted human teeth were instrumented and divided into four experimental groups (n=21 each) and two groups of positive and negative control (n=10)....

introduction: effective durable adhesion between post material and dentine using resin cements is essential for longevity of restoration. the aim of this in vitro study was to compare the effect of different irrigants on smear layer removal after post space preparation. methods and materials: a total of 75 extracted anterior human teeth were selected. the canals were instrumented by rotary syst...

introduction : the aim of this in vitro study was to compare the effect of gates-glidden and peeso reamer drills on residual dentin thickness during post space preparation in order to discover which method has minimum root structure damage. materials and methods: thirty extracted human maxillary premolars with bifurcations at root middle were horizontally cut 15 mm coronal to the apical end aft...

being very dynamic, natural and artificial land features are changing somewhat rapidly in over lifetime. it is important that such changes be inventoried accurately so that the physical and human processes at work can be more fully understood. change detection is a technique used in remote sensing to determine the changes in a particular object of study between two or more time periods. this re...