Grapheme-to-phoneme (G2P) conversion is an important component in a Text-to-Speech (TTS) system. The difficulty in Chinese G2P conversion is to pick out one correct pronunciation from several candidates according to the context information. By evaluating the distribution of polyphones in a corpus with manually corrected pinyin transcriptions, this paper pointed out that the overall error rate o...

Grapheme-to-phoneme (G2P) conversion is a very important component in a Text-to-Speech (TTS) system. Determining the pronunciation of polyphone characters is the main problem that the G2P component in a Mandarin TTS system faces. By studying the distribution of polyphones and their characteristics in a large text corpus with corrected pinyin transcriptions, this paper points out that correct G2...

The primary task of Chinese language processing is to establish efficient and accurate segmentation strategy. With the Chinese’s characteristics of been idea-phonetic language, the paper advances an automatic segmentation algorithm that is based on Chinese phoneme to realize disambiguation. First, the candidate tag set, which consists of ambiguous phrases that result from Chinese polyphones, is...

This chapter introduces Mandarin Text-To-Speech (MTTS) synthesis. Beginning with a brief review on the development history of MTTS and attributes of MTTS, three main constituents of the technology are presented: 1) Text processing: word segmentation, disambiguation of polyphones, and analysis of rhythm structure; 2) prosodic processing: features of Mandarin prosody, and prosody prediction, and;...

Today synthetic speech is often based on concatenation of natural speech, i.e. units such as diphones or polyphones are taken from natural speech and are then put together to form any word or sentence [5]. So far there have mainly been two ways of adding a visual modality to such a synthesis: Morphing between single images or concatenating video sequences. In this study, however, a new method i...

the bioactivity of chemical extracts from silverleaf nightshade solanum elaeagnifolium cav. seeds and leaves were tested for herbicidal activities, through water and ethanol extracts, against portulaca oleracea l., corchorus olitorius l., convolvulus arvensis l.and echinochloa crus-galli (l.) found in most zea mays l.fields. characterization of the isolated constituents from ethanol extract was...

The design principles and collection procedures behind a speech synthesis corpus directly impact the performance of the resulting text-to-speech system. This paper describes the design and collection of the Victoria corpus, created to support speech synthesis research and development at Apple Computer. This corpus is composed of ve constituent parts, each designed to cover a speci c aspect of s...

In this paper we present the ISADORA system which provides highly exible speech recognition based on HMM technology together with an hierarchical representation of speech units. Markov model topologies, subword unit inventories, regular grammars expressed in nite-state or phrase structure style, and even the analysis tasks themselves are explicitly represented by the nodes of a large speech uni...

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of more than twenty five secreted and membrane-bound zinc-endopeptidases which can degrade extracellular matrix (ECM) components. They also play important roles in a variety of biological and pathological processes. Matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors (MMPIs) have been identified as potential therapeutic candidates for metastasis, arthritis, chronic...