between such functions as u and ü (the representative function agreeing with m on p¡ and approaching u in the norm) the proof runs as follows: From (23), there is, for any e>0, a 50 such that, for §<S0, \\w— 5ä_1M|| <£ where we write Au = w, Sw = u. On multiplying w' = (w — SPu) by Ss one has, from (24) ||Säw —m|| =||Sjh/|| 5SM'||w'|| < M'e which gives (25) and the scheme is convergent. As in P...

Herbicide residues have raised new concern since 1999 when damage to plants appeared to result from composted turf clippings (Bary et al. 2001; Rynk 2000). Other case reports of some incidents suggested that other unknown sources of phytotoxicity were present in composts used in gardens (Nielson 2003). Several plant bioassays have been reported to test composts for herbicide residues (SPU 2002;...

Combined use of an opioid with a psychostimulant is popular among drug abusers. Such "polydrug use" may increase drug effects or attenuate adverse effects of either drug alone. We proposed that a combination of methamphetamine (meth) and morphine may change physical opioid withdrawal symptoms. Adult male rats were chronically injected with cumulative subcutaneous (s.c.) doses of morphine, meth ...

This article focuses on conducting global testing for association between a binary trait and a set of rare variants (RVs), although its application can be much broader to other types of traits, common variants (CVs), and gene set or pathway analysis. We show that many of the existing tests have deteriorating performance in the presence of many nonassociated RVs: their power can dramatically dro...

BACKGROUND Alcohol use and illicit drug use peak during young adulthood (around 18-29 years of age), but comparatively little is known about polydrug use in nationally representative samples of young adults. Drawing on a nationally representative cross-sectional survey (Australian National Drug Strategy Household Survey), this study examines polydrug use patterns and associated psychosocial ris...

The 2010 Monitoring the Future survey conducted by the US government raises concerns about an increase in drug use among teenagers, particularly those of a younger age. A similar trend has been reflected by European surveys, such as the 2010 Annual report on the state of the drugs problem in Europe, EMCDDA. According to this study, commissioned by the European Council, the use of multiple subst...

Many Americans who drink alcohol are polydrug users--that is, they also use other psychoactive drugs, such as nicotine, pharmaceuticals, cannabis, and other illicit substances. Polydrug use is a general term that describes a wide variety of substance use behaviors. Different types of polydrug use can be described with regard to the timing of the ingestion of multiple substances. Concurrent poly...

OBJECTIVES/BACKGROUND Ecstasy/polydrug users have exhibited deficits in executive functioning in laboratory tests. We sought to extend these findings by investigating the extent to which ecstasy/polydrug users manifest executive deficits in everyday life. METHODS Forty-two current ecstasy/polydrug users, 18 previous (abstinent for at least 6 months) ecstasy/polydrug users, and 50 non-users of...