In this research, a case study was conducted, analyzing the Twitter messages posted between July and November 2015 by six political leaders in Turkey. The Twitter messages posted by President Erdoğan, AKP’s leader Davutoğlu, CHP’s leader Kılıçdaroğlu, MHP’s leader Bahçeli and HDP’s co-chairs Demirtaş and Yüksekdağ were all examined. The analysis focused primarily on the messages that were relat...

The article deals with the economic behaviour of a hypothetical political leader in the institutionally underdeveloped democratic environment of a transitional society. By using Stigler-Peltzman’s model of economic regulation, it has been shown that there is no optimal solution for an autocratic leader. In the long run, wealth transfer to political supporters alone is not sufficient for the aut...

This section concerns organizations in which decisions are made by a single round or by successive rounds of majority voting. In a case that is of particular interest with respect to organizations as well as to political competition, one member is a “leader,” who has the exclusive right to propose alternatives to the status quo. It turns out that, in the long run, this right can make the leader...

Leader changes induce changes in the pattern of protection and of filings of disputes at the WTO. Additionally, political institutions play an important modifying role. We offer a model that explains changes in trade policy and dispute onset induced by shifts in the sectors represented in government when leaders change. Democratic leaders are more likely to initiate WTO disputes than autocrats....

To study whether foreign aid fuels personal, regional and ethnic favoritism, we use satellite data on nighttime light for any region in any aid-recipient country, and we determine for each year and each country the region in which the current political leader was born. Having a panel with 22,850 regions in 91 aid recipient countries with yearly observations from 1992 to 2005, we compare the eff...

Building on the emotional labor and authentic leadership literatures, we advance a conceptual model of leader emotional displays. Three categories of leader emotional displays are identified: surface acting, deep acting and genuine emotions. The consistency of expressed leader emotions with affective display rules, together with the type of display chosen, combines to impact the leader's felt a...

The Pashtun belt, encompassing chiefly Eastern Afghanistan and North Western Pakistan, has been, and continues to be, the center of religio-political activity. This article aims at examining these activities in its historical perspectives and has focused on one of the earliest known Movements that sprouted in the region. The first known indigenous religio-political movement of high magnitude st...