The effects of ash and sulfur content on the morphology particulate matter (PM) in diesel particle filter (DPF) were investigated with five different components lubricants. aggregate primary particles analyzed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). fractal dimensions carbon calculated by box-counting method (BCM), differential (DBC), relative (RDBC) MAD-based box counting (MAD-DBC), resu...

Statistical mechanical and artificial intelligence models are developed to predict the volumetric properties of lubricants under different conditions. It is shown that the knowledge of just liquid density at room temperature is satisfactory to approximate the PVT properties of pure lubricants in various conditions. As well, the performance of an artificial neural network (ANN) based on back pro...

We examined the prevalence and type of rectal lubricants use and factors associated with exclusive use of latex-condom compatible lubricants (water-based lubricants) among men who have sex with men (MSM) using data from a large-scale cross-sectional survey conducted in 2009/10 in three Indian states. Using time-location cluster sampling, 3880 MSM were recruited from cruising sites. We used mult...

Because lubricants may decrease trauma during coitus, it is hypothesized that they could aid in the prevention of HIV acquisition. Therefore, safety and anti-HIV-1 activity of over-the-counter (OTC) aqueous- (n = 10), lipid- (n = 2), and silicone-based (n = 2) products were tested. The rheological properties of the lipid-based lubricants precluded testing with the exception of explant safety te...

Over-the-counter personal lubricants are used frequently during vaginal and anal intercourse, but they have not been extensively tested for biological effects that might influence HIV transmission. We evaluated the in vitro toxicity anti-HIV-1 activity and osmolality of popular lubricants. A total of 41 lubricants were examined and compared to Gynol II and Carraguard as positive and negative co...

In gears running under conditions of high load and low circumferential speed the lubricant film thickness is often not sufficient to fully separate the mating surfaces. Wear of the gear flanks can occur and can even result in total gear failure. For a given gear geometry the main influencing parameters are load, circumferential speed and lubricant. The wear characteristics of lubricants depend ...

New lubricants have been developed to meet the performance demands of modem refrigerants and system components. A brief review of current refrigeration oil developments is presented. It is well known that the new lubricants used with polar refrigerants tend to absorb water. The ester hydrolysis process and the effect on the essential lubricant properties are described. The effect of increased w...

As the industrial community moves towards green manufacturing processes, there is an increased demand for multi-functional, environmentally friendly lubricants with enhanced tribological performance. In the present investigation, green (environmentally benign) lubricant combinations were prepared by homogeneously mixing nano- (20 nm), sub-micrometre- (600 nm average size) and micrometre-scale (...