We show that the countably infinite union of infinite grids, H say, is minor-universal in the class of all graphs that can be drawn in the plane without vertex accumulation points, i.e. that H contains every such graph as a minor. Furthermore, we characterize the graphs that occur as minors of the infinite grid by a natural topological condition on their embeddings.

in this study, effect of two genotype imputation strategies, relatedness between reference panel and test populations and minor allele frequency on imputation error rate were examined with using a stochastic simulated population. reference panel and test populations were composed of 1,000 and 500 individuals, respectively. individuals in the reference panel were genotyped with using a high and ...

The Lasting Impact of Mothers’ Fetal Malnutrition on Their Offspring: Evidence from the China Great Leap Forward Famine We find that second-generation effects of in utero and early childhood malnutrition on the school participation of the offspring of mothers who experienced the China Great Leap Forward Famine. The direct impact on entrance to senior high school is also negative, but smaller in...

Several minor tobacco alkaloids have been found to exhibit properties pharmacologically relevant to the addictive profile of tobacco; however, little is known of their effects on a behavioural model of drug addiction. In this study we compared the locomotor and reinforcing effects of intravenous nicotine (30 microg/kg per infusion) vs. a cocktail of nicotine plus five minor alkaloids found in t...

background: rounded shoulder posture is a common abnormal posture in upper quarter. kinesiotape is a new intervention that recently used in rehabilitation. there are no studies have examined the effect of kinesiotape on rounded shoulder posture. therefore the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of scapular kinesiotaping and pectoralis minor stretching exercise on forward shoulder ...

Minor histocompatibility (H) 1 antigens are non-H-2 transplantation antigens, of which ~40 have been identified (1). A vigorous cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response to minor H antigens requires in vivo priming, and CTL so generated are H2 restricted in their activity (2, 3). Priming for minor H antigens generally involves injection of ~107 viable spleen cells. Induction of CTL by in vivo primi...

background and objective: the medicinal plant origanum vulgare. subsp. vulgare in the lamiaceae family has been widely used by iranian people for the treatment of respiratory, gastrointestinal and neurologic disorders. the present study was carried out to evaluate possible anxiolytic effects of aqueous extract of o. vulgare leaves and the flowering branches in rats.materials and methods: anxiol...