Pluralistic ignorance is a socio-psychological phenomenon that involves a systematic discrepancy between people’s private beliefs and public behavior in certain social contexts. Recently, pluralistic ignorance has gained increased attention in formal and social epistemology. But to get clear on what precisely a formal and social epistemological account of pluralistic ignorance should look like,...

The likelihood principle (LP) is a core issue in disagreements between Bayesian and frequentist statistical theories. Yet statements of the LP are often ambiguous, while arguments for why a Bayesian must accept it rely upon unexamined implicit premises. I distinguish two propositions associated with the LP, which I label LP1 and LP2. I maintain that there is a compelling Bayesian argument for L...

In a continuous opinion dynamics model using a bounded confidence assumption, individuals can only influence each other’s opinions when those opinions are sufficiently close. However, we often observe real-world cases in which opinions are very different, yet individuals feel compelled to change their ideas to conform with their peers or superiors (or in rare cases, are willing to change them v...

Abstract This essay examines the term duoyuan yiti , ‘pluralistic unity’, in cultural and artistic contexts China its use everyday speech form of metaphors. It briefly introduces history this provides examples political speech, academic writing grassroots communication. The article also analyses discourses, phrases ideas that have been constructed around noting their profound impact on social l...

Causal analysis in the social sciences takes advantage of a variety of methods and of a multi-fold source of information and evidence. This pluralistic methodology and source of information raises the question of whether we should accordingly have a pluralistic metaphysics and epistemology. This paper focuses on epistemology and argues that a pluralistic methodology and evidence don’t entail a ...

Academic and corporate research departments alike face a crucial dilemma: to exploit known frameworks or to explore new ones; to specialize or to innovate? Here I show that these two conflicting epistemic desiderata are sufficient to explain pluralistic ignorance and its boom-and-bust-like dynamics, exemplified in the collapse of the efficient markets hypothesis as a modern risk management para...

Introduction There is growing interest in organizational knowledge, and in the associated concepts of organizational learning and memory (Cohen and Sproull, 1991). Many argue that the organization’s knowledge and learning capabilities are the main source of its competitive advantage (e.g. Kogut and Zander, 1992; Prahalad and Hamel, 1990; Starbuck, 1992). But a number of other authors (Bedeian, ...