this study is a survey type of work on the plant tumors and their characteristics in genera1; special attention is given to those tumors which are caused by grobacterium tumefactions and also by plant hormones. the type of work and the methods are very much similar to the work of other investigators, but attempt was made to compare the results which are obtained upon the local varieties of a la...

background: tumors involving the hand skeleton are rare. however, a basic knowledge of hand tumors is necessary for every clinician. this is due to the importance of distinguishing typical benign tumors from life or limb threatening malignant ones. methods: this study is a review of 99 cases of osseous hand tumors presented to the department of orthopedic surgery, imam khomeini hospital in tehr...

[1] An accurate description of plant ecology requires an understanding of the interplay between precipitation, infiltration, and evapotranspiration. A simple model for soil moisture dynamics, which does not resolve spatial variations in saturation, facilitates analytical expressions of soil and plant behavior as functions of climate, soil, and vegetation characteristics. Proper application of s...

The new Tremella umbilicariae, lichenicolous on Umbilicaria, is described from Peru. It is characterized by large, dark brown, convex basidiomatal galls, long and narrow basidia, and relatively large basidiospores.

Agrobacterium tumefaciens biovar 1 strain 186 was isolated from a walnut tree expressing crown gall symptoms. The draft genome sequence of this strain harbored genes for crown gall formation and will be useful for understanding its virulence on Paradox, the predominant hybrid rootstock used for the cultivation of English walnut in California.

We tested the enemy hypothesis for gall morphology on a model system comprising two Diplolepis rose gall wasp species and their associated parasitoids. The enemy hypothesis predicts both that gall traits will influence parasitoid attack rates within species, and that galls with contrasting morphologies will support different parasitoid communities. This hypothesis is supported by studies at bot...