The widespread brittle failure of welded beam-to-column connections caused by the 1994 Northridge and 1995 Kobe earthquakes highlighted the need for retrofitting measures effective in reducing the strength demand imposed on connections under cyclic loading. Researchers presented the reduced beam section (RBS) as a viable option to create a weak zone away from the connection, aiding the preventi...

Few sociologists have addressed the concept of boredom despite interest in the subject and experience of boredom from psychology, philosophy, the arts and popular culture. Classical sociological concepts of alienation, anomie and disenchantment are related to boredom, but do not address it directly. The history of the word boredom itself is not clear, though it appears it was first used in the ...

The dynamic nature of loads, seasonal variation of soil properties, uneven soil strata below footings or inappropriate design of foundation makes differential settlement inevitable. Differential settlement is largely responsible for developing forces or changing the existing forces in the structure and is often considered as the underlying cause of many structural failures. A structural enginee...

Due to the fact that the buckling-restrained brace core yields subject to both tension and compression, it can adsorb energy and exhibit high ductility rendering it proper for tolerating earthquake loads. One of the important objectives of seismic standards is safeguarding the appropriate ductility for the structures because the structures, in case of being ductile, can dissipate a considerable...

Abstract The aim of this study is to investigate the effect soil type on buildings experiencing floor-to-column pounding during earthquakes. Five with 4-storeys, 6-storeys, and 7-storeys were considered. Three types 4-storey building different total heights taken into account which leads at 1/3, 1/2 2/3 height impacted column. Two scenarios considered, i.e. between 6-storey (three cases when co...

Abstract Structural engineers should appropriately design concrete structures to resist lateral loads. Determining the adequate system for resisting expected loads is important control building drift. Choosing appropriate usually conducted assuming predicted forces are applied completed buildings at one step which commonly known as ordinary analysis ( OA ). Nevertheless, these constructed seque...

1.1 Urban identity? [“He went to a window and opened the shutters. “From this window you can enjoy the view of one of the most evocative places in Rome. Look, look at the harmony of storeys...” The window looked onto an anonymous crossroads with houses built in the immediate post-war period in the wake of one of the many demolitions. The street lights lit up this deserted environment completely...