indubitably, the efficacy of metalinguistic awareness in improving efl learners’ grammatical knowledge and writing quality has long been an area of great interest in applied linguistics brown (2001). accordingly, the main objective of the present study was to investigate the impact of planned and unplanned focus on form instruction on students’ ability to learn grammar and use it appropriately ...

abstract this study was an attempt to investigate the effect of collaborative form-focused activities on grammar learning of elementary efl learners. to this end, 58 adult male iranian efl learners at elementary level of proficiency in three classes of language institutes were chosen. they formed the three groups of the study. the grammar section of cambridge michigan placement test was used to...

As cities are exposed to a portfolio of risks, the concept resilience has risen prominence over past two decades. Consequently, large volume research been published on different aspects urban resilience. However, form is still relatively understudied. step toward filling this gap, study examines nine selected neighborhoods from Shiraz, an old Iranian city. The cases represent three patterns, na...

The paper at first, analyzes three equations of state--MH equation, RKS equation, SHBWR equation for their adaptation in liquid state. The equations are solved with special mixing regulation on the condition of vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) for NARMs and then the paper evaluates thermodynamic properties of this mixture for four conditions by method of the complementary funcation. This paper co...

Indubitably, the efficacy of metalinguistic awareness in improving EFL learners’ grammatical knowledge and writing quality has long been an area of great interest in applied linguistics Brown (2001). Accordingly, the main objective of the present study was to investigate the impact of planned and unplanned focus on form instruction on students’ ability to learn grammar and use it appropriately ...

Abstract This study was an attempt to investigate the effect of collaborative form-focused activities on grammar learning of elementary EFL learners. To this end, 58 adult male Iranian EFL learners at elementary level of proficiency in three classes of language institutes were chosen. They formed the three groups of the study. The grammar section of Cambridge Michigan Placement test was used to...

Abstract This study was an attempt to investigate the effect of collaborative form-focused activities on grammar learning of elementary EFL learners. To this end, 58 adult male Iranian EFL learners at elementary level of proficiency in three classes of language institutes were chosen. They formed the three groups of the study. The grammar section of Cambridge Michigan Placement test was used to...

For the past 10 years, research on the effects of observer presence on test performance has expanded in the neuropsychological literature. Previous studies have shown that the presence of a third party observer is associated with poorer performance on tests of effort, attention, concentration, learning, and memory. The present study was designed to investigate whether performance on tests of ex...

this paper reviews the experience of persian designers and planners for creating the most livableand greenery capital city in the hole region of middle east throughout the 17th century. new concepts of urban greendevelopment emerged in that time. some of these ideas where extremely creative and vanguard from there era andstill some of them are the main theoretical basics of urban green planning...