background: role of nitric oxide (no) on expression of morphine conditioning using a solely classic task has been proposed previously. in this work, the involvement of no on the expression of opioid-induced conditioning in the task paired with an injection of naloxone was investigated. methods: conditioning was established in adult male wistar rats (weighing 200-250 g) using an unbiased procedu...

This paper documents the effects of last-place aversion in queues and its implications for customer experiences behaviors, as well operating performance. An observational analysis customers queuing at a grocery store, four online studies which participants waited virtual queues, revealed that waiting last place diminishes wait satisfaction while increasing probabilities switching abandoning wit...

this research was designed to study sexual differences in place conditioning induced by morphine in offspring born of female wistar rats mated with drug-naïve males. mothers were exposed to morphine during the 14th-16th days of gestational. control dams were simply saline-injected. female and male virgin offspring born of morphine-treated or saline-treated mothers were separately housed until b...

The use of a virtual reality environment (VRE) enables behavioral scientists to create different spatial contexts in which human participants behave freely, while still confined to the laboratory. In this article, VRE was used to study conditioned place preference (CPP) and aversion (CPA). In Experiment 1, half of the participants were asked to visit a house for two minutes with consonant music...

There is growing evidence that tonic activity of the opioid system may be important in the modulation of affective state. Naloxone produces a conditioned place aversion in rodents, an effect that is centrally mediated. Previous pharmacological data using antagonists with preferential actions at mu-, delta-, and kappa-opioid receptors indicate the importance of the mu-opioid receptor in mediatin...

In the conditioned place preference test, phencyclidine (PCP) produces place aversion in naive rats, whereas PCP produces place preference in rats treated with PCP repeatedly. Although the PCP-induced place aversion is thought to involve the serotonergic system, the mechanisms of the PCP-induced place preference are unclear. We investigated whether the dopaminergic system is involved in place p...

We present evidence from laboratory experiments showing that individuals are “lastplace averse.” Participants choose gambles with the potential to move them out of last place that they reject when randomly placed in other parts of the distribution. In money-transfer games, those randomly placed in second-to-last place are the least likely to costlessly give money to the player one rank below. L...

In a pair of experiments, we have compared the ability of changes of place (Exp. 1) and changes of time of day (Exp. 2) to separately modulate learned saline-aversion memory phenomena in rats. Neither a spatial nor a temporal change disrupted latent inhibition using the present behavioral procedure. However, pre-exposure to the taste increased the contextual control of the learned aversion expr...

The effects of kappa opioid receptors (KOR) on motivated behavior are well established based on studies in male rodents, but relatively little is known about the effects of KOR in females. We examined the effects of KOR activation on conditioned place aversion and social interaction in the California mouse (Peromyscus californicus). Important differences were observed in long-term (place aversi...