Buried pipes in the modern societies are considered as lifelines with a vital and essential role in the human life cycle. The performance of buried pipes is affected by many factors such as ground surface subsidence. In this paper, the effect of subsidence on pipelines is investigated using a three-dimensional numerical modeling developed in FLAC3D software for four types of most commonly used ...

In this article various pipes used for transporting of gas are introduced and pros and cons of each one are elucidated. The pipes are categorized in three different subgroups including metallic, polymeric and metallic-wire reinforced polymeric pipes. Metallic-wire reinforced polymeric pipes are nominated as the best option for usage in high pressure pipelines transporting natural gas. As a resu...

background: various chemicals are used to produce polymers ,leakage of polymer materials over the time , can cause health problems the aim of this research was to evaluate the leakage of heavy metals from the pvc and polypropylene pipes used in the water distribution system in isfahan. methods: four brands of pp pipes and two various types of pvc pipes were analyzed in this study. concentration...

Failures in the water distribution network are some most important factors in water losses, water shortage and dissatisfaction of users and secondary pollutions as well. This research aimed to analyze failure in water distribution networks during 2006-2008, for better water management. Daily failure reports in Ahvaz, Iran distribution network during 2006-2008, were collected from emergency depa...

Because of their wide application in industries requiring high pressure and temperature, manufacturing square and rectangular pipes have attracted more attention than ever before. There are various methods such as extrusion, tensile and stress for manufacturing square pipes. Another method on which studies have focused in recent years is the re-forming of round pipes in order to turn them into ...

In the present work, structure health monitoring (SHM) of welded steel pipes was used to diagnosis their state via vibration based damage detection techniques. The dynamic quantities such as Frequency Response Functions (FRFs), mode shapes and modal parameters from structural vibration to detect damage were measured, set on linear averaging mode, with a maximum frequency of analysis of 3.2 kHz....

the use of solar collectors in combination with heat pipes is rapidly growing in recent years.heat pipes, as heat transfer components, have undeniable advantages in comparison with other alternatives. the most important advantage is their high rate of heat transfer at minor temperature differences. although there have been numerous studies on the heat analysis or first thermodynamic analysis of...

The development of mathematical models for describing the dynamic behaviours of fluid conveying pipes, micro-pipes and nanotubes under the influence of some thermo-mechanical parameters results into nonlinear equations that are very difficult to solve analytically. In cases where the exact analytical solutions are presented either in implicit or explicit forms, high skills and rigorous mathemat...

In order to increase the efficiency of the conveyance of the granular solids, a new experimental set-up is designed. The test rig has longitudinal trapezoidal slots in its conveying pipes. Through experimentation, a correlation for friction factor in terms of solid mass flow rate, fluid flow rate and Froude number is presented. It is shown that the mixture friction factor for pipes with inn...