after the soviet union fragmentation, the attentions of regional and international countries have turned to this region for oil and gas discovery in the caspian basin. after that, this region enjoys more geopolitical importance increasingly. therefore, the main question is:” what factors can influence the new geopolitics of the caspian basin?” it seems that, some issues such as the lack of a...

Traditionally, the selection of a pipeline route for offshore applications has been manually performed by the engineer, by a quick inspection of the seabottom bathymetry and the available information regarding obstacles. Eventually the evaluation of a given route could be performed using analysis tools, but in any case the process is highly dependent on the expertise of the engineer. In this co...

To explore pipelines is one of various bio-mimetic robot applications. The robot may work in common buildings such as between ceilings and ducts, in addition to complicated and massive pipeline systems of large industrial plants. The bio-mimetic robot finds any troubled area or malfunction and then reports its data. Importantly, it can not only prepare for but also react to any abnormal routes ...

Spatial information has always played an important role in the pipeline route selection process (Opara, 2013). The use of geographic information systems (GIS) to support the pipeline route selection has extensively been discussed (Church, 1992), and it continues to be an area of research as GIS technologies continue to evolve, data availability improves, and the criteria or conditions (terrain,...

Pipelines are critical infrastructure for Yakutia, transporting vital supplies to communities in this vast northern region. The pipeline routes central Yakutia traverse areas of ice-rich permafrost that is sensitive temperature changes. This study examined the thermal state undisturbed and disturbed settings along Lena River Mundulakh Reservoir water Mastakh Yakutsk gas considered effects clima...

Recently there has been a growing interest in the field of bio-mimetic robots that resemble the behaviors of an insect or an aquatic animal, among many others. One of various bio-mimetic robot applications is to explore pipelines, spotting any troubled areas or malfunctions and reporting its data. Moreover, the robot is able to prepare for and react to any abnormal routes in the pipeline. Speci...

The development of computerized systems in the financial industry facilitated the growth of the stock exchange market for institutional and private investors. Paperless settlement systems for stocks and bonds were first introduced in the Nordic region. The successful introduction of the new infrastructure for the securities markets was the result of solid cooperation between market participants...

The paper presents a theoretical model that seeks to answer the question of why former squatter settlements tend to upgrade/redevelop at a slower pace than otherwise similar settlements originating in the formal sector. We argue that squatter settlers’ initial strategy to access urban land creates a ‘legacy effect’ that curtails settlement upgrading possibilities even after the settlements are ...

It is commonly believed that Adventure-based Counseling (ABC) training is intended for young people who are active and energetic. The St. James’ Settlement (a NGO) in Hong Kong, however, believes that such training can also have positive effects on the young olds (individuals aged 50-65). A group of young old trainees was recruited from the community to help implement related activities to elde...