human has always been trying to become familiar with different parts of the eye. it seems that in the beginning of his efforts he has become familiar with the functions of the pupil of the eye, using these data, he was able to make the dark room and use the hole to relieve the refractive errors. it can be said that the human in the pre-history and post-history periods had been able to solve his...

We propose methods of enhancing pinhole-type integral imaging ray density, resolution, and expressible depth range using a color filter pinhole array on a liquid crystal display panel with a projection scheme. A color filter structure on a liquid crystal display panel acts as pinhole array in integral imaging with separation of color channels. In conventional pinhole-type integral imaging, the ...

We propose the use of a pinhole-camera approach to make holograms. On recording the object beam passes through a pinhole, forming an image plane hologram, but on reconstruction the pinhole can be taken away. The reconstructed image can be programmed and processed by using optical information-processing elements placed in the position of the reconstructed pinhole or pinholes. Pinhole holography ...

Pinhole castration is a novel minimally invasive procedure for calf or kid castration. We evaluated stress, simplicity and costs of the technique in mongrel puppies (N=15). The puppies were divided into three groups: control i.e. not treated; second surgical castration and third pinhole castration. Stress was monitored by daily recording of rectal temperatures and assay of plasma cortisol conce...

We present the simultaneous measurement of beam divergence and source size based on the APS diagnostic undulator line. A 300-μm-thick Si(400) crystal monochromator is used to measure the divergence with a resolution down to 3 μrad (1 μrad with the third harmonic). X-rays transmitted through the crystal are simultaneously used by a pinhole camera to measure the beam size, at a resolution of abou...

Time resolved studies of colliding laser produced magnesium plasmas are performed using a pinhole camera. A ruby laser pulse is split into two beams using a movable glass wedge and focused onto a planar target or targets placed at 90° to each other. A gated pinhole camera provides an orthogonal view of the collision. Measurements with an aluminum filter allowed identification of soft x-ray prod...

Figure 1 shows an example of a light field camera with a pinhole mask in front of the sensor. If we look at the sensor in 1D and assume an total x-resolution of 900 pixels and a Θ resolution of 9, the local x resolution is 100. The disadvantages are therefore a loss in resolution and a loss of light, as most of the light gets blocked by the mask. Therefore, while this model is very clean on a t...

In the development of the first generation of sensors and memory chips based on spin-dependent tunneling through a thin trilayer, it has become clear that pinhole defects can have a deleterious effect on magnetoresistance. However, current diagnostic protocols based on Andreev reflection and the temperature dependence of junction resistance may not be suitable for production quality control. We...