numerous investigations have been devoted towards understanding the hydrodynamics of gas jets in fluidized beds. however, most of them address the problem from  macroscopic point of view, which does not reveal the true behavior in the jet region at the single particle level. the present work aims to understand the jet behavior from a more fundamental level, i.e. the individual particle level. a...

a considerable amount of energy is released in the form of shock wave from explosive charge detonation. shock wave energy is responsible for the creation of crushing and fracture zone around the blast hole. the rest of the shock wave energy is transferred to rock mass as ground vibration. ground vibration is conveyed to the adjacent structures by body and surface waves. geological structures li...

background: the traditional cyclone has been developed for the removal of airborne silica particles from local exhaust ventilation (lev). the objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of velocity and particles load on efficiency of cyclone in the stone crushing units at azendarian area. methods: after the designing and installing the traditional cyclone, downstream and upstream sam...

the aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of nozzle configurations on spray drift and explain the influences using several atomization characteristics (length of spray sheet, spray angle, velocity distribution of flow field, fluctuation of velocity, and droplet size). nozzles manufactured by one company (lechler gmbh, germany) were tested by spraying local tap water in a win...

Hydrogen pick-up ions when produced in the inner heliosphere are convected outwards with the solar wind and are accelerated by nonlinear wave-particle interactions. Upon their arrival at the solar wind termination shock the highest percentage of them passes over from the preshock to the postshock plasma regime. At this occasion these ions suffer a characteristic change in their density and velo...

Pulsed holography is an important technique for the study of particle fields: it allows instantaneous, non-invasive high-resolution recording, and the later replay of real images from which one can obtain the size, shape, position, and – if multiple exposures are made – velocity of every object in the sample volume. This Chapter will discuss various issues encountered during the design of a hol...

in this paper, a new enhanced version of the particle swarm optimization (pso) is presented. an important modification is made by adding probabilistic functions into pso, and it is named probabilistic particle swarm optimization (ppso). since the variation of the velocity of particles in pso constitutes its search engine, it should provide two phases of optimization process which are: explorati...

knowledge of the aerodynamic properties of agricultural materials is needed in equip-ment design for operations such as pneumatic conveying in loading/unloading operations of corn silage into/from silos. while considerable information is available on seed grains, little is known about the aerodynamic behavior of corn (zea mays l.) silage. in this re-search, the weighed mean terminal velocity of...