abstract previous studies on willingness to communicate (wtc) have shown the influence of many individual or situational factors on students’ tendency to engage in classroom communication, in which wtc has been viewed either at the trait-level or situational level. however, due to the complexity of the notion of willingness to communicate, the present study suggests that these two strands are ...

as the canon is shaped by white male standards rewriting the canonical works of literature is one of the ways through which postcolonial writers subvert the authority of the masters. writing in the language of the masters the colonized writers use the very suppressive tool in the hands of the masters i.e. their language to question the validity of their norms. regarded by most critics to be the...

as far as bandura’s (1977) conceptualization of the sense of self-efficacy is concerned, it is argued to be context- and even task-specific, compared to other concepts like self-esteem (brown, 2000); therefore, upon the previous research studies, related theories and definitions, and the ideas and views obtained from the interviews conducted with the scholars, the current research study aimed a...

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is highly sensitive to salinity and selection of chickpea genotypes that are moderately tolerant to salinity can help to expand chickpea cultivation in saline areas. Eleven chickpea genotypes were grown in a hydroponic system containing different NaCl concentrations (8 and 12 dS m-1) and control (Hoagland solution) in order to study the effects of salt stress on ph...

To study the variation of plant traits related to stress tolerance in tolerant and sensitive barley cultivars under salt stress conditions, an experiment was carried out as factorial arrangements in completely randomized design in Payame Noor University of Mahabad, Iran in 2018. Application of salinity stress of 250 mM of sodium chloride started from tillering stage, and leaf samples were taken...

Salinity stress is one of the most important abiotic stresses which impares growth and productivity of plants worldwide. Foliar application of chemicals such as salicylic acid (SA) is among potential solutions to ameliorate damaging effects of salinity. The present research was carried out during 2015-2016 growing season in Research Greenhouse of University of Kurdistan to study the influence o...