Vladimir Makarenkov, Dmytro Kevorkov and Pierre Legendre Département d’informatique, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal (Québec) Canada H3C 3P8 (makarenkov.vladimir at uqam.ca); Département d’informatique, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal (Québec) Canada H3C 3P8. (kevorkov at lacim.uqam.ca); Département de Sciences Bi...

In this chapter, we focus on psychological and brain perspectives on the experience of coincidence. We first introduce the topic of the experience of coincidence in general. In the second section, we outline several psychological mechanisms that underlie the experience of coincidence in humans, such as cognitive biases, the role of context and the role of individual differences. In the third an...

Analyses of phylogenetic niche conservatism (PNC) are becoming increasingly common. However, each analysis makes subtly different assumptions about the evolutionary mechanism that generates patterns of niche conservatism. To understand PNC, analyses should be conducted with reference to a clear underlying model, using appropriate methods. Here, we outline five macroevolutionary models that may ...

It has long been known that evolutionary trees (phylogenies) can be estimated by comparing the DNA or protein sequences of homologous genes across different organisms. More recently, attempts have been made to estimate phylogenies by comparing entire genomes. These attempts have focused largely on comparisons of gene content and gene order. Many different methods have been proposed for making t...

BACKGROUND The microbiota from different body sites are dominated by different major groups of microbes, but the variations within a body site such as the mouth can be more subtle. Accurate predictive models can serve as useful tools for distinguishing sub-sites and understanding key organisms and their roles and can highlight deviations from expected distributions of microbes. Good classificat...