Phototoxicity is of increasing concern since modern lifestyle is often associated with exposure to sunlight. Therefore characterizing the phototoxic potential of a compound early in its development is of utmost interest, especially for compounds likely to undergo sunlight exposure in skin. Traditioanly the phototoxic effect is modeled by using the E HOMO -E LUMO gap (energy difference between t...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro skin phototoxicity of cosmetic formulations containing photounstable and photostable UV-filters and vitamin A palmitate, assessed by two in vitro techniques: 3T3 Neutral Red Uptake Phototoxicity Test and Human 3-D Skin Model In Vitro Phototoxicity Test. For this, four different formulations containing vitamin A palmitate and different UV-filter...

Controlled Light Exposure Microscopy (CLEM): Photobleaching and Phototoxicity Reduced Photobleaching and phototoxicity are often the Achilles‘ heels of fluorescence live-cell imaging. Controlled Light Exposure Microscopy (CLEM) is a novel, simple imaging approach that reduces photobleaching and phototoxicity 2 to 10-fold without compromising image quality. The basic concept of CLEM is that ligh...

It is known that phototoxicity is related to chemical structure. We have previously reported a prediction method of chemical structure-based in silico phototoxicity for in vitro 3T3 NRUPT assay. To improve the concordance of the method, here we added new descriptors related to another mechanism of phototoxicity. We focused on potential energy, which certainly contributes to chemical reactivity ...

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High power lasers are used extensively in medicine while lower power applications are popular for optical imaging, optogenetics, skin rejuvenation and a therapeutic modality termed photobiomodulation (PBM). This study addresses the therapeutic dose limits, biological safety and molecular pathway of near-infrared (NIR) laser phototoxicity. Increased erythema and tissue damage were noted in mice ...

The skin exposure to solar irradiation and photoreactive xenobiotics may produce abnormal skin reaction, phototoxicity. Phototoxicity is an acute light-induced response, which occurs when photoreacive chemicals are activated by solar lights and transformed into products cytotoxic against the skin cells. Multifarious symptoms of phototoxicity are identified, skin irritation, erythema, pruritis, ...

The human eye is constantly exposed to sunlight and artificial lighting. Therefore the eye is exposed to UV-B (295-320 nm), UV-A (320-400 nm), and visible light (400-700 nm). Light is transmitted through the eye and then signals the brain directing both sight and circadian rhythm. Therefore light absorbed by the eye must be benign. Damage to the young and adult eye by intense ambient light is a...