Multi-targeting strategies improve the efficacy of antibody and immunotoxin therapies but have not yet been thoroughly explored for HER2-based cancer treatments. We investigated multi-epitope HER2 targeting to boost photosensitizer immunoconjugate uptake as a way of enhancing photoimmunotherapy. Photoimmunotherapy may allow targeted photodynamic destruction of malignancies and may also potentia...

in this article, we describe a photosensitizer (ps) whose ability to generate singlet oxygen (1o2) and fluorescence emission has been designed as tumor responsive. more specifically, the ps consists of a silicon phthalocyanine (sipc) core, axially substituted with two subphthalocyanine (subpc) units, covalently linked by a disulfide linker, which is cleavable in the presence of a strong reducin...

This study aimed to shed light on the meanings ascribed to chronic pain in medical discourse and clinical practice in two Pain Clinics located in University hospitals in Salvador (Bahia) and São Paulo, Brazil. An ethnographic approach used participant observation and semi-structuralized interviews with attending and managing physicians. Data analysis drew on the clinical models developed by Byr...

This work suggests the use of chitosan gel imbued with the photosensitizer Photogem and with the antibiotic Tetraclin as a possible drug delivery system. The results reveal a decrease in the photosensitizer level of toxicity. Besides, the interaction between Photogem and chitosan gel causes a red shift in the photosensitizer spectrum, increasing its absorption in the therapeutic window (600-700...

BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer's prognosis remains dire after primary therapy. Recurrence rate is disappointingly high as 60% of women with epithelial ovarian cancer considered in remission will develop recurrent disease within 5 years. Special attention to undetected peritoneal metastasis during surgery is necessary as they are the main predictive factors of recurrences. Folate Receptor α (FRα) sho...

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) dosimetric tools are crucial for treatment planning and noninvasive monitoring by means of fluorescence. Present approaches consider usually a 1D problem, a simple photochemical process, or a spatially homogeneous photosensitizer. In this work, a radially resolved superficial photosensitizer fluorescence and 3D photochemical time-dependent PDT model are presented. The...

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an FDA-approved minimally invasive medical treatment modality that utilizes light in the presence of oxygen to activate photosensitizing agents that are relatively selectively concentrated in abnormal or neoplastic cells resulting in cell death. At the present time, PDT has been approved for clinical treatment in the United States, European Union, Canada, Russia, a...

2. Activatable Photosensitizer Design Considerations 2842 2.1. Activation Strategy 2842 2.2. Photosensitizer Selection 2844 2.3. Photosensitizer Conjugation 2845 3. Examples of Activatable Photosensitizers 2845 3.1. Environment-Activated Photosensitizers 2845 3.2. Enzyme-Activated Photosensitizers 2846 3.3. Nucleic Acid-Activated Photosensitizers 2852 3.4. Other Activation Mechanisms 2853 4. Co...

A Bodipy-based energy transfer cassette with a singlet oxygen reactive linker between the donor and acceptor modules has an interesting emergent property, if the acceptor module is also a photosensitizer. Singlet oxygen produced by the photosensitizer reacts rapidly with the molecule itself to liberate the energy donor, resulting in an enhanced fluorescence emission. The result is a self-report...

Leishmania amazonensis, a causative agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis, is susceptible in vitro to light-mediated cytolysis in the presence of or after pretreatment with the photosensitizer aluminum phthalocyanine chloride. Cytolysis of both promastigotes and axenic amastigotes required less photosensitizer (e.g., one microg.ml(-1)) and a lower light dose (e.g., 1.5 J.cm(-2)) than did the mammali...