This paper provides a theoretical background for the simulations of particular quantum optics experiments, namely, photon intensity correlation measurements. A practical example, adapted to polarisation-entangled photon pairs emitted from a quantum dot, is presented. The tool, a virtual Hanbury Brown and Twiss correlator, simulates polarisation-resolved the second-order correlation functions, w...

We develop a theoretical model to study the Intensity-Intensity correlation of polarisation entangled photons emitted in a biexciton-exciton cascade. We calculate the degree of correlation and show how polarisation correlations are affected by the presence of dephasing and energy level splitting of the excitonic states. Our theoretical calculations are in agreement with the recent observation o...

It is commonly believed that photon polarisation entanglement can only be obtained via pair creation within the same source or via postselective measurements on photons that overlapped within their coherence time inside a linear optics setup. In contrast to this, we show here that polarisation entanglement can also be produced by distant single photon sources in free space and without the photo...

The association of all three soft gamma-ray repeaters (SGRs) with supernova remnants has established that SGRs are young neutron stars, and has given us a starting point for detailed modeling. One of the most popular classes of models involves strongly magnetised neutron stars, with surface dipole fields B ∼ 10 − 10 G. In such strong magnetic fields, many otherwise negligible processes can play...

We derive the wave equation obeyed by electromagnetic fields in curved spacetime. We find that there are Riemann and Ricci curvature coupling terms to the photon polarisation which result in a polarisation dependent deviation of the photon trajectories from null geodesics. Photons are found to have an effective mass in an external gravitational field and their velocity in an inertial frame is i...

The string-inspired technique is used for the calculation of vacuum polarisation tensors in constant electromagnetic fields. In the first part of this series, we give a detailed exposition of the method for the case of the QED one-loop N-photon amplitude in a general constant electromagnetic background field. The twopoint cases are calculated explicitly, leading to compact representations for t...

We study by means of experiments and Monte Carlo simulations, the scattering of light in random media, to determine the distance upto which photons travel along almost undeviated paths within a scattering medium, and are therefore capable of casting a shadow of an opaque inclusion embedded within the medium. Such photons are isolated by polarisation discrimination wherein the plane of linear po...

The distribution of a suitably defined azimuthal angle in diffractive deep inelastic scattering contains information on the polarisation of the exchanged photon. In particular it allows one to constrain the longitudinal diffractive structure function. We investigate the potential of such bounds in general and for particular diffractive final states.

Quantum cryptography is a method for providing two parties who want to communicate securely with a secret key to be used in established protocols of classical cryptography. For more reviews of this topic see [1, 2, 3]. Bennett and Brassard showed that it is possible, at least ideally, to create a secret key, shared by sender and receiver, without both parties sharing any secret beforehand. We r...