We presume that the reader understands conventional radiography in which photographic methods capture radiographic images. Typically, a patient is positioned between an x-ray source and a film/screen cassette. The cassette contains an intensifying screen which, when exposed to radiation, emits light which exposes a photographic emulsion. The photographic film can be developed to provide an imag...

CCD cameras have numerous advantages over photographic film for detecting electrons; however the point spread function of these cameras has not been sufficient for single particle data collection to subnanometer resolution with 300kV microscopes. We have adopted spectral signal to noise ratio (SNR) as a parameter for assessing detector quality for single particle imaging. The robustness of this...

Photographic film has commonly been exposed by a single-photon absorption mechanism. We determine the conditions for film exposure by direct two-photon absorption. Using subpicosecond laser pulses, we find that two-photon exposure for commercial film has a threshold fluence and an intensity of 0.0008 J/cm2 and 0.0066 TW/cm2, respectively, well below the optical damage threshold. Multiphoton pho...

OBJECTIVE To investigate whether a cheap, fast, easy, and widely available photographic method is an accurate alternative to Visitrak when measuring wound area in cases where a non-wound-contact method is desirable. METHODS The areas of 40 surgically created wounds on porcine models were measured using 2 techniques-Visitrak and photography combined with ImageJ. The wounds were photographed wi...

The directional arrangement of the illumination plays an important role on image contrast and sharpness of silver-based photographic film. This paper explores how the directional arrangement of light (directed or diffuse) affects cinematographic colors. The experimental results show that a consistent color difference can be observed between the image projected on screen (directed illumination) ...