objectives this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of afcl in improvement of hand photoaging in 25 patients. patients and methods a prospective, before- after, single blind study was conducted in 25 patients who presented for desired treatment of hand photoaging. patients received three treatments sessions with afcl. results all enrolled patients were female and received three treatment sessi...

Photoaging is a multisystem degenerative process that involves the skin and the skin support systems, including the bone, cartilage, and subcutaneous compartments. These structures provide the architectural support for the dermis, epidermis, and stratum corneum. A multiprong approach to photoaging involves reversing the undesirable changes in each of these structures. Dermatologists should beco...

Among harmful environmental factors that contribute to extrinsic aging, long-term effects of repeated exposure to ultraviolet light are the most significant and are referred to as photoaging. Photoaging is a multisystem degenerative process that involves the skin and skin support system. It is a cumulative process and depends primarily on the degree of sun exposure and skin pigment. The epiderm...

Ultraviolet (UV) induces skin photoaging, which is characterized by thickening, wrinkling, pigmentation, and dryness. Collagen, which is one of the main building blocks of human skin, is regulated by collagen synthesis and collagen breakdown. Autophagy was found to block the epidermal hyperproliferative response to UVB and may play a crucial role in preventing skin photoaging. In the present st...

One of the many harmful factors faced by the skin is solar UV radiation, which damages skin by inducing chronic low-grade inflammation through increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines, metalloproteinases (MMPs) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Estrogen receptors (ERs) and are ligand-dependent transcription factors that are expressed in skin, and an ER agonist has previously shown efficacy...

Exposure of the skin to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, particularly its UV-B component (280-320 nm), from the sun results in erythema, edema, hyperplasia, hyperpigmentation, sunburn cells, immunosuppression, photoaging, and skin cancer. Amongst these various adverse effects of UV-B radiation, skin cancer and photoaging are of great concern. More recent changes in lifestyle have led to a significan...

One of the many harmful factors faced by the skin is solar UV radiation, which damages skin by inducing chronic low-grade inflammation through increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines, metalloproteinases (MMPs) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Estrogen receptors (ERs) alpha and beta are ligand-dependent transcription factors that are expressed in skin, and an ERbeta agonist has previously...

The premature photoaging of the skin is mediated by the sensitization of reactive oxygen species after absorption of ultraviolet radiation by endogenous chromophores. Yet identification of UV-A-absorbing chromophores in the skin that quantitatively account for the action spectra of the physiological responses of photoaging has remained elusive. This paper reports that the in vitro action spectr...