Brassilexin and sinalexin are among the most potent antifungal phytoalexins produced by crucifer plants. Nonetheless, the crucifer pathogen Leptosphaeria maculans(Desm.) Ces. et de Not. (asexual stage Phoma lingam(Tode ex Fr.) Desm.) is able to detoxify these phytoalexins. To understand and control these reactions, the elusive brassilexin and sinalexin detoxification pathways in L. maculans wer...

LiNGAM has been successfully applied to casual inferences of some real world problems. Nevertheless, basic LiNGAM assumes that there is no latent confounder of the observed variables, which may not hold as the confounding effect is quite common in the real world. Causal discovery for LiNGAM in the presence of latent confounders is a more significant and challenging problem. In this paper, we pr...

Canola (Brassica napus L. and B. rapa L.), is one of the major oilseed crops grown worldwide. With significant expansion of acreage sown to canola during the past two decades, concern about blackleg, the most serious disease of canola, has increased (3,4). Blackleg disease is caused by Leptosphaeria maculans (Desmaz.) Ces. & De Not. (anamorph: Phoma lingam (Tode:Fr.) Desmaz.). The pathogen can ...