The invention of writing and the formation letters has always been a problem since modern times. main view until Modern period was that inscription should be taught to prophet Idrīs by divine grace, it his children spread throughout world with advent humanity. period, however, rejected religion adopted scientific paradigm based solely on reason senses, explaining facts only evidence. For this r...

The Purples and Violets of Phoenicia and of the Bible, the most royal and sacred of all ancient textile dyes, were produced from certain species of Levantine mollusks. The colors fashioned from these sea snails were known as Tyrian or Royal Purple and Biblical Blue. These Mediterranean Muricidae marine creatures, whose common familial approbation is Murex, were in use for the industrial biochem...

M ore than 7,000 years ago, when grapes and yeast joined forces for the first time to lift the spirit of humankind, the ancients imbibed with joy, unknowingly celebrating the beginnings of one of the world’s oldest biotechnological processes. The first “magical” juice came from spontaneously fermented grapes cultivated in the Zagros Mountains of Ancient Persia and the Caucasus Mountain Range be...

The Mediterranean Region of the West Palearctic is one most species-rich biomes in world, hosting a high level endemism and relict species with important conservation value. North Africa Atlas Mountains (spanning Morocco, Algeria Tunisia) belong to poorly-investigated region area, overlooked aquatic biodiversity; hence, number still remain be discovered. subgenus Antocha (Antocha) Osten Sacken,...