Ancient Chinese philosophy already developed a philosophy of humanitarianism or humanity in the general sense. The concept of "Ren" / "Jen" was indeed a main idea already in Confucianism. It was to my mind Mencius, who was the most explicit, if not even the first, philosopher of what I call concrete humanity. The article takes up Albert Schweitzer's discussion of MengZi's philosophical humanita...

martyr sayyed mostafa khomeini is one of the contemporary philosophers who has grown in transcendent philosophy and has new doctrines in islamic philosophy. his only remained book, commentaries on the transcendent philosophy, contains his theories. but you can also find his special philosophical theories in his 29 volume books about fiqh, assets of fiqh, and interpretation. his big philosophica...

The paper criticizes epistemological conceptions of analytic or conceptual truth, on which assent to such truths is a necessary condition of understanding them. The critique involves no Quinean scepticism about meaning. Rather, even granted that a paradigmatic candidate for analyticity is synonymous with a logical truth, both the former and the latter can be intelligibly doubted by linguistical...

This paper tries to justify the relevance of an introductory course in Mathematical Logic in the Philosophy curriculum for analyzing philosophical arguments in natural language. It is argued that the representation of the structure of natural language arguments in Freeman’s diagramming system can provide an intuitive foundation for the inferential processes involved in the use of First Order Lo...

This paper combines a system of deontic logic with a system for default reasoning to analyze a notorious philosophical problem: Chisholm’s Paradox. The basic approach is to write deontic rules with explicit exceptions, but we also consider the extent to which a set of implicit exceptions can be derived from the underlying deontic semantics.