introduction: direction and latency of electrical connectivity between different sites of brain explains brain neural functionality. we compared efficiency of cross correlation and phase locking methods in time lag estimation which are based on local field potential (lfp) and lfpspike signals, respectively. methods: signals recorded from mt area of a macaque’s brain was used in a simulation app...

1 The PLL (Phase Lock Loop) can synchronize with a deterministic input wave or with a random input symbols. In the first case we have a WPLL (Wave Phase Lock Loop) and in the second case we have a SPLL (Symbol Phase Lock Loop. The WPLL (Wave Phase Lock Loop) is also known as WLL (Wave Lock Loop) or only PLL (Phase Lock Loop). The SPLL (Symbol Phase Lock Loop) is also known as SLL (Symbol Lock L...

Optical injection locking and optical phase-lock loops have been used for laser synchronization. The use of a combined optical injection locking and phase-lock loop system is proposed here. We have taken into account the modification of the slave laser phase response induced by the injection locking to calculated the phase-error signal spectrum and the phase-error variance for an optical inject...

In general, the choice between boxcar averaging (gated integration) and lock-in detection (phase sensitive detection) is based on the time behavior of the signal. If the signal is fixed in frequency and has a 50 % duty cycle, lock-in detection is best suited. This type of experiment commonly uses an optical chopper to modulate the signal at some low frequency. Signal photons occur at random tim...

A novel density barrier material, Phase Lock Gel, has been formulated and optimized for use in enhancing the separation between aqueous and organic phases during organic extraction/ centrifugation of nucleic acids. Phase Lock Gel is inert, stable to heating, compatible with most enzymatic reactions of nucleic acids without sacrificing subsequent downstream applications, and can be easily and co...

Frequency synthesizers are used in a large number of time division multiplexed (TDMA) and frequency hopping wireless applications where quickly attaining frequency lock is critical. A new frequency synthesizer is described which employs a scheme for reducing lock time by a factor of two using a conventional phase locked loop architecture. Faster lock is attained by shifting the loop filter’s ze...

Frequency synthesizers are used in a large number of time division multiplexed (TDMA) and frequency hopping wireless applications where quickly attaining frequency lock is critical. A new frequency synthesizer is described which employs a scheme for reducing lock time by a factor of two using a conventional phase locked loop architecture. Faster lock is attained by shifting the loop filter’s ze...