To understand better the mechanisms that lead to dorsoventrality in the lateral organs of plants, mutants at the phantastica (phan) locus of Antirrhinum majus have been identified and characterised. The leaves, bracts and petal lobes of phan mutants show varying degrees of reduction in dorsal tissues, indicating that phan is required for establishing dorsal cell identity. Each phan mutant produ...

The organs of a higher plant show two fundamental axes of asymmetry: proximodistal and dorsoventral. Dorsoventrality in leaves, bracts, and petal lobes of Antirrhinum majus requires activity of the PHANTASTICA (PHAN) gene. Conditional mutants revealed that PHAN is also required for earlier elaboration of the proximodistal axis. PHAN was isolated and shown to encode a MYB transcription factor ho...

Pinnate compound leaves have laminae called leaflets distributed at intervals along an axis, the rachis, whereas simple leaves have a single lamina. In simpleand compound-leaved species, the PHANTASTICA (PHAN) gene is required for lamina formation. Antirrhinum majus mutants lacking a functional gene develop abaxialized, bladeless adult leaves. Transgenic downregulation of PHAN in the compound t...

Elina Väisänen, Inka Kuisma, Tung G. Phan, Eric Delwart, Maija Lappalainen, Eveliina Tarkka, Klaus Hedman, and Maria Söderlund-Venermo Author affiliations: Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (E. Väisänen, I. Kuisma, K. Hedman, M. Söderlund-Venermo); Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA (T.G. Phan, E. Delwart); University of California, San...

Elina Väisänen, Inka Kuisma, Tung G. Phan, Eric Delwart, Maija Lappalainen, Eveliina Tarkka, Klaus Hedman, and Maria Söderlund-Venermo Author affiliations: Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (E. Väisänen, I. Kuisma, K. Hedman, M. Söderlund-Venermo); Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA (T.G. Phan, E. Delwart); University of California, San...

Pinnate compound leaves have laminae called leaflets distributed at intervals along an axis, the rachis, whereas simple leaves have a single lamina. In simple- and compound-leaved species, the PHANTASTICA (PHAN) gene is required for lamina formation. Antirrhinum majus mutants lacking a functional gene develop abaxialized, bladeless adult leaves. Transgenic downregulation of PHAN in the compound...

This article is part of the program described in [3]. We study the Phan amalgams and their universal completions that occur for q = 3 in rank n = 3 for the diagram A3 = D3, corresponding to SU(4, 3) ∼= Spin−(6, 3). We show that the associated geometries admit universal 9-fold coverings, by showing that the universal completion of the Phan amalgam is the central extension of SU(4, 3) by its Schu...

Harn et al. proposed a series of Diffie-Hellman key exchange protocols which are integrated into Digital Signature Algorithm in 2004. Recently, Phan pointed out that Harn et al.’s protocols cannot provide forward secrecy and key freshness, which are two standard security attributes that key exchange protocols should have. Phan also gave his improvement. In this paper we present a better improve...

We give several examples to show that PA1 and IND-CCA2 together do not guarantee PA2 in the absence of random oracles, for both statistical and computational PA. In the statistical case, we use the Desmedt-Phan hybrid encryption scheme as the first example. If the DEM of the Desmedt-Phan hybrid encryption is an IND-CCA2 symmetric encryption without MAC, then the Desmedt-Phan hybrid is INDCCA2 a...

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