Cars with petrol-driven internal combustion engines are sources of air pollution. Until alternative car engines will replace petrol-driven engines, road transportation is a major source for emissions of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons, and many other organic compounds into the environment. There is a direct relation between the car’s emissions and its acceleration: an accelerating...

BACKGROUND Since 2005, the Australian Government has subsidized the production and distribution of Low Aromatic Fuel (LAF) as a deterrent against petrol (gasoline) sniffing in remote Indigenous communities. LAF is used in place of unleaded petrol as a fuel for vehicles and other engines. This paper reports findings from an independent evaluation of the LAF rollout. METHODS Forty one Indigenou...

Air motion inside the intake manifold is one of the paramount factors, which govern the engine performance of multi-cylinder petrol engines. Hence the flow phenomenon inside the intake manifold should be fully understood in order to consider the current requirement of higher engine efficiency. In this paper, the internal flow characteristics in the intake manifold of a four cylinder petrol engi...

Nations around the world have banned lead in petrol [1]. The primary reason for removing lead additives from petrol is its adverse effect on human health. In response to evidence that blood lead concentrations approaching toxic levels in children and traffic policemen in Sri Lanka, tetraethyl lead was removed from petrol in the year 2002. Following this change a reduction in roadside atmospheri...

The reported discrepancy between theory and experiment for external combustion Stirling engines is explained by the addition of thermal resistance of the combustion gasses to the standard Carnot model. In these cases, the Stirling engine ideal efficiency is not as is normally reported equal to the Carnot cycle efficiency but is significantly lower. A new equation for ideal Stirling engine effic...