Because of the scarcity of observational data, existing estimates of the heat and water budgets of the Persian Gulf are rather uncertain. This uncertainty leaves open the fundamental question ofwhether this water body is a net heat source or a net heat sink to the atmosphere. Previous regional modeling studies either used specified surface fluxes to simulate the hydrodynamics of the Gulf or pre...

To the Editor: We studied all active-duty Persian Gulf War–era veterans who remained on active duty at the conclusion of deployment (July 31, 1991), not as Leisure et al. stated in their letter “selected, mostly healthy, active-duty Persian Gulf War veterans enlisted as of 1994.” Our study was restricted to hospitalizations of active-duty service members because these were the only service memb...

The gradual development of the US missile defense shield from Europe to the Persian Gulf region over the past decade and the deployment of radar components and defenses of this project, both in the Persian Gulf region and in its floating zone, have plenty implications for regional and international systems and has aggravated the fragile security of the Persian Gulf region. Some issues such as t...

in a world, where globalization and industrial and technological progress are the most frequently heard voices, the persian gulf yet remains as an outstanding region for the most precious strategic reserves of the world. the persian gulf  harbors as the biggest reserves of the world are a major center for the production of oil and natural gas of the world. such an importance has turned the pers...

Very little information is available regarding marine free-living flatworms not only from Iran, but throughout the countries surrounding the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman. The present study first introduces a new euryleptid species, and then reports four pseudocerotid polyclads which inhabit Iranian shallow rocky shores of the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman. Maritigrella makranica sp. no...

The reporting of pain was compared for U.K. Persian Gulf War veterans, veterans from the Bosnian conflict, and personnel employed in the military at the time of the Persian Gulf War but not deployed (era comparison group). Pain manikins were used to assess the prevalence of the reporting of pain in different body sites and the prevalence of the reporting of widespread pain, in relation to compa...

Genetic diversity of sea turtles (hawksbill turtle) was studied using sequencing of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA, D-loop region). Thirty dead embryos were collected from the Kish and Qeshm Islands in the Persian Gulf. Analysis of sequence variation over 890 bp of the mtDNA control region revealed five haplotypes among 30 individuals. This is the first time that Iranian haplotypes have been recorded...

during the fifth and sixth centuries a.h, the persian gulf faced a recession in its commerce; instead, the centrality of the international maritime trade was transferred to the red sea and mediterranean region at the time. emergence of the kish island, as a significant trade area in the persian gulf region goes back to the mid-sixth century a.h. efforts made by a local tribe known as bani qaysa...

Iran’s security is affected by a broad region that includes the Caspian Basin, Central Asia, Afghanistan, the Persian Gulf states, Pakistan, Turkey, and the Middle East. However, an increased focus on the countries of the Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO), as well as Iraq, on the one hand, and with members of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) (including Yemen) on the other, provides a na...