In vitro studies to investigate biological effect of electromagnetic field are performed for microwave to millimeter-wave frequency band. A reliable measurement method of complex permittivity for biological cells is required for the dosimetry. The feasibility of applying the waveguide penetration (WP) method to measure complex permittivity for cells in the frequency range from microwave to mill...

Introduction In recent years measurement of permittivity signal has been increasingly used for online biomass monitoring of cell cultures. Breweries use it as an established method for fermenter inoculation and bioprocess control for instance [1]. In the case of animal cell cultures the correlation between permittivity and viable cell densities determined offline varies along cultivation time. ...

Ground penetrating radar (GPR) is based on high-frequency electromagnetic wave propagation and its detecting targets are below the ground surface (Daniels, 2004; Jol, 2009). Velocity and attenuation are two important factors describing the electromagnetic wave in the media composed of rocks or soils. Velocity is inverse proportional to the root of the permittivity while other parameters are fix...

Effective complex permittivity measurements of materials are important in microwave engineering and microwave chemistry. The BP (Back Propagation) neural network computational module has been applied to microwave technology and becomes a useful tool recently. A neural network can be trained to learn the behavior of an effective complex permittivity of material under microwave irradiation in an ...

We have developed a broad-band technique for measuring the relative permittivity of lowthin films using microstrip transmission-line measurements. From measurements of the complex microstrip propagation constant and the characteristic impedance, we determined the relative permittivity of thin films incorporated in microstrip lines. We present measurement results to 40 GHz for both an oxide and ...

Propagation of electromagnetic (EM) waves in radio frequency (RF) and microwave systems is described mathematically by Maxwell’s equations with corresponding boundary conditions. Dielectric properties of lossless and lossy materials influence EM field distribution. For a better understanding of the physical processes associated with various RF and microwave devices, it is necessary to know the ...

phases (solid, liquid, and gas) are known, especially if the model is to be used to predict water content or Measurement of soil dielectric properties, ε are widely used to porosity. The permittivity of air and water are well docuestimate water content in soils from remote sensing and from in situ soil sensors such as time domain reflectometry (TDR). The mineral mented (Lide, 1999). However, a ...