liver is one of the most important organs needing great concern during the perioperative period. there are a number of different mechanisms that interact with liver cells and might affect their integrity and cell live. though these mechanisms are not all the same, there is a great common point: all affect the metabolic pathways of the liver. ischemia, anesthetic drug effects and other periopera...

Acute kidney injury (AKI) frequently leads to systemic inflammation and extrarenal organ dysfunction. Volatile anesthetics are potent anti-inflammatory agents and protect against renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Here, we sought to determine whether isoflurane, a commonly used volatile anesthetic, protects against AKI-induced liver and intestinal injury, the mechanisms involved in this protect...

Myocardial protection refers to all strategies that increase the heart’s ability to withstand ischaemic insult, which together with reperfusion injury are principally responsible for cardiac morbidity and mortality after high-risk surgery. The bloodless and motionless operating conditions required for cardiac surgery is an environment diametrically opposed to the metabolic demands of the heart.

Acute renal failure (ARF) occurring around the time of surgery is a serious complication associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Appropriate perioperative strategies are required to protect renal function to optimize patient outcome. Perioperative ARF accounts for 20–25% of cases of hospital-acquired renal failure. The incidence varies between 1 and 25% depending on the type of su...

Perioperative pulmonary complications are known to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality, and as such, contribute a large burden to the health care system globally. Anesthesiologists have an important role during the perioperative period to identify patients at risk of these complications and intervene in order to reduce them. After describing perioperative pulmonary complications and ris...

Implication for health policy/practice/research/medical education: Liver surgery and perioperative care of patients with hepatic dysfunction is still moving toward better safety. Anesthesiologists play their role with judicious selection of anesthetic medications. Ischemic liver injury occurs in a variety of clinical settings such as trauma, shock, and liver surgery (1, 2). Isch-emia and subseq...