This study investigated the impact of oral pushed output on the learning and retention of English perfect tenses. During the study, a pre-test was administered to 22 freshmen majoring in English translation. The participants were randomly assigned to two groups. Then, for six sessions both groups received explicit instructions on English perfect tenses. Every session, the experimental group rec...

Tenses in English temporal adjunct clauses seem to show properties of both matrix and embedded tenses. On the one hand, they are often argued be interpreted with respect time utterance (Stump 1985; Arregui & Kusumoto 1998; Kubota et al. 2011). other more constrained than tenses, claimed limited past tense when is past, present future. I evidence from perfect that always relative nearest...

Current accounts of the cross-linguistic variation of present perfect tenses have one thing in common: they do not work. I argue that this is due to the fact that, so far, they have not clearly identified the problem. The present perfects are not the only tenses to vary cross-linguistically: simple past tenses do so as well, and crucially, these two variations are interdependent. I will first i...

This paper proposes a new look at the so-called ‘present-perfect puzzle’. It suggests that it is in fact part of a bigger problem, concerning all tenses in a language situating an event one step before the moment of utterance. I argue that present perfects compete with simple past tenses, and that the distribution of these tenses shows signs of the impact of this competition. The outcome of the...

The probability is considered one of the grammatical cases in all languages world. Expressions Spanish language are expressed by various structures, expressions and some verb tenses. By this study explains cases, verbal periphrases, impersonal expressions, future tenses (simple perfect) conditional mode .We have these detail with examples that extracted from spanish grammar books .The specific ...

It is often assumed that French (like Greek) requires imperfective aspect as a counterfactual (CF) marker in the antecedent of PSCs (cf. e.g. [Iatridou, 2000]). This should explain why we find in the antecedent of PSCs the plus que parfait, combining imperfective morphology with a layer of perfect, cf. (1). Tenses without imperfective morphology, i.a. the passé composé (that has both simple pas...

This paper investigates the semantics of Portuguese past tenses, focusing on their indexical behavior. I show that under certain circumstances, even when they are used anaphorically and refer to a contextually salient interval, these past tense heads can denote intervals that do not precede the speech time. I argue that the best way to capture this behavior is to construe its presupposition as ...

This study analyses specific written discourse productio n in which NNSs’ usage of E nglish tenses and voice appears to be dramatically different from that of NSs. The data for the study narrowly focuses on a small number of verb phrase features, such as tenses, aspects and the passive voice, examining how they are presented in writing instruction texts and identifying areas of L2 learning in n...