Hardness has long been recognized as a good predictor of snow mechanical properties and therefore as an indicator of snowpack stability at the measured point. Portable digital penetrometers enable the amassing of a large number of snow stratigraphic hardness profiles. Numerous probings can be performed to assess the snowpack spatial variability and to compensate for measurement errors. On a dec...

ters to characterize both agricultural and rangeland A DYNAMIC CONE PENETROMETER soils, however, has been limited by concerns about (i) FOR MEASURING SOIL instrument cost, (ii) measurement repeatability, (iii) limited ranges of soil resistance that can be measured by PENETRATION RESISTANCE a single penetrometer, and (iv) difficulties in comparing Jeffrey E. Herrick* and Tim L. Jones data collec...

Introduction: During the past planetary surface missions, few instruments have been deployed to directly assess soil physical properties like density, soil strength (internal friction and cohesion), and pressure/sinkage curves, or their spatial variation. Several Soviet lunar missions were equipped with small cone vane penetrometers, and the Apollo astronauts also used two different manual pene...

The density, temperature, and punch head velocity are dominant factors to the variation of compacted snow hardness measured by penetrometers. This effect is essential construction operation roads. Improved Motor-driven Snow Penetrometers (IMSP) utilized in this research control penetration speed measure true cone during penetration. study employs a multi-method approach combining orthogonal exp...

The principal objective of this work has been to develop a set of mechanical, remote-sensing tools that will permit the determination of the main geotechnical variables that control mine burial in the bottom. These variables include the shear strength of both soft, fine-grained sediments and coarser, dilative granular sediments. A further objective is to understand better the response of typica...

soil compaction is a major problem in many parts of the world. the determination of soil compaction profiles requires fast sampling systems to keep pace with the change in soil moisture condition over time. soil cone penetrometers are commonly used for this purpose. a tractor-mounted soil cone penetrometer was designed and fabricated with multiple probes and the ability to determine cone index ...

The principal objective of this work has been to develop a set of mechanical, remote-sensing tools that will permit the determination of the main geotechnical variables that control mine burial in the bottom. These variables include the shear strength of both soft, fine-grained sediments and coarser, dilative granular sediments. A further objective is to better understand the response of typica...