Upper urinary tract peristalsis is generated in the proximal renal pelvis that connects to the renal parenchyma at the pelvis-kidney junction. It may be exposed to the high renal endothelin-1 (ET-1) concentrations. Dietary NaCl restriction increases renal pelvic ET(A) receptor expression. We investigated the contribution of ET(A) and ET(B) receptors to ET-1-stimulated rat renal pelvic contracti...

Increasing efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity (ERSNA) increases afferent renal nerve activity (ARNA), which in turn decreases ERSNA via activation of the renorenal reflexes in the overall goal of maintaining low ERSNA. We now examined whether the ERSNA-induced increases in ARNA are modulated by dietary sodium and the role of endothelin (ET). The ARNA response to reflex increases in ERSNA...

Ultrasound examination of the abdominal cavity is part of the baseline diagnostics of urinary tract diseases. Dilatation of the pelvicalyceal system is one of the most frequent findings. In ultrasonography of the urinary tract there are, however, some images of anatomical anomalies of the pelvicalyceal system which should not be consider as abnormal. In the study we analysed 920 ultrasound exam...

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to correlate the anatomic and clinical significance of the prepubic course of dorsal nerve of penis and its groove on the pubic bone from the perspective of the surgeon. METHODS The course of the dorsal nerve of the penis/clitoris was studied in six male and six female formalin-fixed cadavers. Several parameters of the pubis were quantified and analysed in...

A60-year-old woman was hospitalized for oliguria with bilateral impediment of both renal pelvises. Bilateral nephrostomies were necessary. Twelve months earlier, two titanium stents (Engineers & Doctors) had been implanted in the distal parts of both ureters because of diffuse ureteral stenosis after irradiation therapy for cervical carcinoma 17 years earlier. At admission, retrograde pyelograp...

BACKGROUND Androgens play a key role in human fetal development. All androgens act through a single intracellular androgen receptor (AR), which is encoded by a single copy gene on the X chromosome. ARs are expressed as early as 9 weeks in the epithelium and mesenchyme of the urogenital sinus, paramesonephric (Müllerian) and mesonephric (Wolffian) ducts. METHODS Using immunohistochemistry, we ...

BACKGROUND/AIM An experimental study was performed to evaluate the effect of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) on the distribution of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) in rabbit renal pelvis and proximal ureter. MATERIALS AND METHODS Six New Zealand rabbits were included. Right kidneys were exposed to a total of 3000 shock waves (14 kV) by using an electrohydraulic-type ESWL device...

We have retrospectively reviewed the clinical and radiological results in 204 consecutive adult patients who had surgical correction of 70 late post-traumatic pelvic nonunions and 134 malalignments. The deformed pelvises were subdivided into united (true), unstable, ununited, and partially stable malalignments with heterotopic bone. The principal complaints were of pain, pelvic instability, sit...