stress and residual stress are the main problems in the operating performance of materials. they are the principal causes of material failure and can affect life time of component. however measurement or predictions of them are typically difficult. two common non-destructive methods, x-ray diffraction and ultrasound are not reliable methods for subsurface residual stress measurements and destru...

In contrast to single frequency conventional eddy current technique (ECT), in pulse ECT the coil is excited by repetitive broadband pulse. The pulsed excitation contains wide spectrum of frequencies. Each frequency has different penetrability and hence using pulsed eddy current (PEC) technique, large areas of structure with multiple variations in thickness can be scanned without the need for pa...

Corrosion is one of the important factors in equipment failures. Wall thinning can be used to evaluate corrosion conditions. However, most of equipments are coated with insulations in order to elevate the energy efficiency. Pulsed eddy current (PEC) testing technique can be used to measure wall thinning through insulation. But when the insulation outside is wrapped with galvanized steel, PEC si...

The cortical representation of visual perception requires the integration of several-signal processing distributed across many cortical areas, but the neural substrates of such perception are largely unknown. The type of firing pattern exhibited by single neurons is an important indicator of dynamic circuitry within or across cortical areas. Neurons in area PEc are involved in the spatial mappi...

Valencia pectinmethylesterase (PME) fractions, B-PME, containing 36 and 13 kDa protein bands and U-PME, containing a 36 and 27 kDa protein bands, were used to de-esterify original pectin (O-Pec) from 73% degree of esterification (%DE) to 63% (B-Pec) and 61% DE (U-Pec), respectively. Most O-Pec eluted from ion exchange chromatography at low salt concentration and a smaller component eluted at hi...

Gallium arsenide (GaAs) is a semiconductor utilized in the electronics industry. Chemical exposure of animals causes a local inflammatory reaction, but systemic immunosuppression. Mice were administered i.p. 200 mg/kg GaAs crystals or latex beads, or vehicle. Five days after exposure, splenic macrophages were defective, whereas thioglycolate-elicited peritoneal macrophages (PEC) were more effic...

The development of photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensors with novel principles is of significance in realizing sensitive and low-cost detection. This work uses CuO NPs labeled antibody to construct a simple and sensitive sandwich-type immunobiosensor for the detection of protein. The detection signal is produced by dissolving the CuO NPs to release copper ions, which are then added on a quantum do...

bci is one of the most intriguing technologies among other hci systems, mostly because of its capability of recording brain activities. spelling bcis, which help paralyzed people to maintain communication, are one of the striking topics in the field of bci. in this scientific a spelling bci system with high transfer rate and accuracy that uses ssvep signals is proposed. in addition, we suggeste...

The Ec peptide (PEc) of insulin-like growth factor 1 Ec (IGF-1Ec) induces human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) mobilization and activates extracellular signal‑regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2) in various cells. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of PEc on the mobilization and differentiation of hMSCs, as well as the possibility of its implementation in combination with transform...