iran stands in one of the most disastrous areas in the world and is exposed to different huge and horrible disasters. its settlement on the europe-asia fault makes iran a seismic region. climatically, iran is part of the afro-asian belt of deserts. the lut desert, which has been called the hottest place on earth, is settled in iran and the climate changes have led to considerable increase in fl...

Categorization plays an integral part in how we see and interpret the world. This is especially true when we attempt to comprehend the complexities of human society, where the heterogeneity of human activity across time and space demands that some criterion (class, gender, age, profession, etc.) be used to reduce the number of variables examined. From the mid-nineteenth century—as statistics ev...

In England, serfdom had practically disappeared in the last part of the 14th century. The immense majority of the population [1] consisted then, and to a still larger extent, in the 15th century, of free peasant proprietors, whatever was the feudal title under which their right of property was hidden. In the larger seignorial domains, the old bailiff, himself a serf, was displaced by the free f...

Background: Since 1980s migrant peasant workers in China have migrated from rural areas to urban areas to seek for employment opportunities. More and more of migrant peasant workers’ children accompanied their parents to the cities and became another special population in modern Chinese urban areas. This study aimed to discuss the association between socioeconomic and lifestyle behavioral facto...

This paper examines the role of adverse climatic conditions on political protest and institutional development. In particular, it assesses the role of adverse climate on the eve of the French Revolution on peasant uprisings in 1789. Historians have argued that crop failure in 1788 and cold weather in the winter of 1788/89 led to peasant revolts in various parts of France. To test this hypothesi...

Given the uncertain future living of peasant households when they rent out farmland, the situation of livelihood assets is important for keeping sustainable livelihood. In this paper, the livelihood assets indicators were selected based on DFID’s sustainable livelihoods framework, and Monte Carlo method was adopted to establish the assessment model. The empirical study of peasant households sur...

Purpose – The objective of this paper is to investigate the benefits and limitations of using radio to communicate agricultural information to peasant farmers, and how radio can be successfully incorporated into agricultural extension service programmes. Design/methodology/approach Quantitative and qualitative research techniques were used and applied to gather, analyse and interpret data. Twen...

This study attempt to reveal the opportunities for increasing peasant farmers income through snail production in Ghana. The paper stressed that snail production is a crucial means of increasing peasant farmers income, protein supply and utilization of farm scraps in Ghana. This is because, from putting up structure, obtaining snails and feed, caring to harvesting, snail production is very cheap...

In the past decade, a new project of agrarian capitalism has emerged in the Colombian countryside driven by the expansion of commercial agribusinesses, particularly in palm oil. This process is often referred to as an emergent form of agrarian extractivism or land-grabbing. While for the Colombian government, this agro-extractivist project represents one of the main locomotives driving the econ...

The number of famine prone regions in the world has been shrinking for centuries. It is currently mainly limited to sub-Saharan Africa. Yet the impact of endemic hunger has not declined and the early twenty-first century seems to be faced with a new threat: global subsistence crises. In this essay I question the concepts of famine and food crisis from different analytical angles: historical and...